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Sensitivity Enhancement of Electrochemical Biosensor for Point of Care (POC) Applications: Vi Antigen Detection as a Case Study
A novel approach for signal enhancement of electrochemical biosensors by incorporating mechanical vibrations has been developed. We report the electrochemical study of the ferricyanide and ferrocyanide $\left(\,{\left[{\rm{Fe}}{\left({\rm{CN}}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{-3/-4}\right)$ a redox couple, at room temperature (~25 °C), under the effect of mechanical vibrations of different frequencies applied to the sensor, for sensitivity enhancement. The experimental results showed a sensitivity enhancement of ~332% (from $3.125\,{\rm{nA}}\,\mu {{\rm{M}}}^{-1}$ to $13.5\,{\rm{nA}}\,\mu {{\rm{M}}}^{-1}$) at 88.75 Hz of vibration. This novel approach of signal sensitivity enhancement is also validated with antibody immobilization-based Vi antigen detection for typhoid assessment. The sensitivity enhancement up to ~15% is achieved for Vi antigen detection under the mechanical vibration of 120 Hz. The sensor is fabricated using microfabrication technology. The vibration-assisted ultrasensitive biosensing platform is also prototyped as a portable and Internet of Thing (IoT) enabled device, suitable for point-of-care applications. Detailed features of the prototype along with the test results are elaborated in the paper.
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