%A Mohammad Aqdas
%A Sanpreet Singh
%A Mohammed Amir
%A Sudeep Kumar Maurya
%A Susanta Pahari
%A J N Agrewala
%O Open Access
%J FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
%T Cumulative Signaling Through NOD-2 and TLR-4 Eliminates the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Concealed Inside the Mesenchymal Stem Cells
%X For a long time, tuberculosis (TB) has been inflicting mankind with the highest morbidity and mortality. Although the current treatment is extremely potent, a few bacilli can still hide inside the host mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The functional capabilities of MSCs are known to be modulated by TLRs, NOD-2, and RIG-1 signaling. Therefore, we hypothesize that modulating the MSC activity through TLR-4 and NOD-2 can be an attractive immunotherapeutic strategy to eliminate the Mtb hiding inside these cells. In our current study, we observed that MSC stimulated through TLR-4 and NOD-2 (N2.T4) i) activated MSC and augmented the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines; ii) co-localized Mtb in the lysosomes; iii) induced autophagy; iv) enhanced NF-?B activity via p38 MAPK signaling pathway; and v) significantly reduced the intracellular survival of Mtb in the MSC. Overall, the results suggest that the triggering through N2.T4 can be a future method of immunotherapy to eliminate the Mtb concealed inside the MSC.
%K  tuberculosis; mesenchymal stem cell; NOD-2; TLR-4; autophagy
%V 11
%D 2021
%I Frontiers Media S.A
%L open2914