creators_name: Kumar, Reetesh 
creators_name: Srivastava, Yogesh
creators_name: Muthuramalingam, Pandiyan
creators_name: Singh, Kumar Sunil
creators_name: Verma, Geetika
creators_name: Tiwari, Savitri
creators_name: Tandel, Nikunj
creators_name: Beura, Kumar Samir 
creators_name: Panigrahi, Ramachandra Abhishek 
creators_name: Maji, Somnath
creators_name: Sharma, Prakriti
creators_name: Rai, Kumar Pankaj 
creators_name: Prajapati  , Kumar Dinesh 
creators_name: Shin , Hyunsuk
creators_name: Tyagi, Rajeev K
type: article
datestamp: 2023-06-07 11:20:14
lastmod: 2023-06-07 11:20:14
metadata_visibility: show
title: Understanding Mutations in Human SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

ispublished: pub
subjects: QR
keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; VoC; evolution; mutations; spike protein.
note: The copyright of this article belongs to MDPI 
abstract: Genetic variant(s) of concern (VoC) of SARS-CoV-2 have been emerging worldwide due to mutations in the gene encoding spike glycoprotein. We performed comprehensive analyses of spike protein mutations in the significant variant clade of SARS-CoV-2, using the data available on the Nextstrain server. We selected various mutations, namely, A222V, N439K, N501Y, L452R, Y453F, E484K, K417N, T478K, L981F, L212I, N856K, T547K, G496S, and Y369C for this study. These mutations were chosen based on their global entropic score, emergence, spread, transmission, and their location in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD). The relative abundance of these mutations was mapped with global mutation D614G as a reference. Our analyses suggest the rapid emergence of newer global mutations alongside D614G, as reported during the recent waves of COVID-19 in various parts of the world. These mutations could be instrumentally imperative for the transmission, infectivity, virulence, and host immune system's evasion of SARS-CoV-2. The probable impact of these mutations on vaccine effectiveness, antigenic diversity, antibody interactions, protein stability, RBD flexibility, and accessibility to human cell receptor ACE2 was studied in silico. Overall, the present study can help researchers to design the next generation of vaccines and biotherapeutics to combat COVID-19 infection.


date: 2023-03-27
date_type: published
publication: Viruses Basel 
volume: 15
number: 4
publisher: MDPI 
refereed: TRUE
official_url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v15040856
citation:   Kumar, Reetesh  and Srivastava, Yogesh and Muthuramalingam, Pandiyan and Singh, Kumar Sunil and Verma, Geetika and Tiwari, Savitri and Tandel, Nikunj and Beura, Kumar Samir  and Panigrahi, Ramachandra Abhishek  and Maji, Somnath and Sharma, Prakriti and Rai, Kumar Pankaj  and Prajapati , Kumar Dinesh  and Shin , Hyunsuk and Tyagi, Rajeev K  (2023) Understanding Mutations in Human SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.  Viruses Basel , 15 (4).