http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3227 2026-02-01T14:18:24Z info:eu-repo/semantics/descriptiveMetadata Novel capsaicin nanogel for arthritic pain and inflammation management: Formulation, in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo assessment Kadian, Varsha Jangir, Babu Lal Dalal, Pooja Kumar, Sunil Nair, Anroop Dalal, Sweta Rao, Rekha The present work aimed to prepare and evaluate novel capsaicin (CAP) loaded nanosponges (NS) embedded Carbopol hydrogel (CAPNS-HG) with rosemary oil (RO) for arthritis management. CAP loaded NS were formulated using melt technique employing diphenylcarbonate and β-cyclodextrin. To facilitate their dermal application, CAPNS were integrated with Carbopol 934 hydrogel using RO as a permeation enhancer. Nanogel samples so formed were analyzed for physicochemical and rheological properties, followed by their in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluations. Based on the findings herein, CAPNS-HG was found to exhibit favorable rheological characteristics (610.56 cP), effective skin permeation (31.410 ± 1.145 µg/cm2), and delayed-release (61.91% in 24 h). Further, the hydrogel was observed to follow Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics with the Fickian diffusion mechanism. Outcomes of the in vitro irritation study demonstrated that CAPNS-HG significantly reduced skin irritation (four times; CAP-HG 12.159 ± 2.502 and CAPNS-HG 03.497 ± 0.096), which was also validated from in vivo evaluations. Further, a remarkable decrease in inflammation (20.869 ± 0.13%) was noted in FCA-induced arthritic animals. Improved hematological profile along with histological and X-ray data substantiated reduction in arthritic symptoms in CAPNS-HG treated animals. Hence, it can be concluded from the findings that CAPNS-HG is a safer and more promising delivery option for alleviating complete FCA-induced symptoms. The combination of CAPNS with hydrogel further augmented the therapeutic efficiency, resulting in a novel formulation for pain and inflammation management in this chronic disorder. Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2025-11 Article NonPeerReviewed Kadian, Varsha and Jangir, Babu Lal and Dalal, Pooja and Kumar, Sunil and Nair, Anroop and Dalal, Sweta and Rao, Rekha (2025) Novel capsaicin nanogel for arthritic pain and inflammation management: Formulation, in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech, 27 (1). p. 31. http://crdd.osdd.net/open/3227/ info:eu-repo/semantics/humanStartPage