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primary topic: Gut dysbiosis influences the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: A case-control study from North India

Gut dysbiosis influences the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: A case-control study from North India
type: AcademicArticle
type: Article
abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alterations in gut microbiota have been linked to pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). This study was undertaken to characterise the gut microbiome profile in North Indian MS patients and to evaluate gut health using biomarkers like zonulin (intestinal permeability) and calprotectin (intestinal inflammation). METHODS: 84 Patients with relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS) of 18-75 years of age with an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score less than or equal to 5.5 and 106 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for the study. Gut microbiota was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Clinical, demographic, anthropometric, and dietary details were recorded. Sandwich ELISA was used to quantify serum zonulin and fecal calprotectin levels. RESULTS: MS patients had lower alpha microbial diversity, while distinct beta diversity metrics were observed in MS and HC. Firmicutes was found to be the most abundant phylum in both groups with significant enrichment in MS than HC. In MS, significant depletion of commensal bacterial species like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Monoglobus pectinilyticus, and Bacillus species indicated gut dysbiosis. These alterations influenced the prevalence and functioning of metabolic pathways. Therefore, pathways involved in biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) were significantly enriched in MS than HC, while generation of short-chain fatty acids were predominant in HC. In addition, high zonulin, without an increase in calprotectin levels was observed in MS patients. CONCLUSIONS: RRMS patients in North India have a decreased microbial diversity in terms of depletion of commensals. The dominance of LCFA generating pathways in MS patients might have triggered the proinflammatory reactions, that are possibly linked to the development of a highly permeable/leaky gut in MS.
date: 2025-10
volume: 407
issue: 578696
author list: authors
type: EPrint
type: ArticleEPrint
is part of: repository

Elsevier BV
type: Organization

J. Neuroimmunol.
type: Collection

Poonam Khanna
type: Person
given name: Poonam
family name: Khanna

Aparna Swaminathan
type: Person
given name: Aparna
family name: Swaminathan

Rajesh Pandey
type: Person
given name: Rajesh
family name: Pandey

Usha Dutta
type: Person
given name: Usha
family name: Dutta

Priti Devi
type: Person
given name: Priti
family name: Devi

Gurkeerat Kaur
type: Person
given name: Gurkeerat
family name: Kaur

Deepak Sharma
type: Person
given name: Deepak
family name: Sharma

Pallab Ray
type: Person
given name: Pallab
family name: Ray

Pallawi Kumari
type: Person
given name: Pallawi
family name: Kumari

Dheeraj Khurana
type: Person
given name: Dheeraj
family name: Khurana

Aarti Darra
type: Person
given name: Aarti
family name: Darra

Ashok Kumar
type: Person
given name: Ashok
family name: Kumar

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primary topic: Gut dysbiosis influences the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: A case-control study from North India