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primary topic: Impact of altitudinal variations on plant growth dynamics, nutritional composition, and free living rhizospheric N2 fixing bacterial community of Eruca sativa

Impact of altitudinal variations on plant growth dynamics, nutritional composition, and free living rhizospheric N2 fixing bacterial community of Eruca sativa
type: AcademicArticle
type: Article
abstract: High-altitude environments present unique abiotic stresses, yet their impact on the growth, nutritional quality, and rhizospheric interactions of E. sativa remains underexplored. Here, we investigate the altitudinal variations in growth dynamics, nutritional composition, and rhizospheric free-living N2-fixing bacteria (NFBs) of E. sativa (Arugula) grown at higher (3,524 m, Leh-Ladakh) and lower (321 m, Chandigarh) altitudes. Results revealed significant physiological adaptations to high-altitude conditions, with increased concentrations of magnesium (748.84 ± 4.06 mg/100 g), iron (189.83 ± 2.16 mg/100 g), and manganese (8.48 ± 0.27 mg/100 g), while potassium (3,400.83 ± 3.82 mg/100 g), sodium (175.83 ± 1.44 mg/100 g), and copper (1.69 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) were higher at lower-altitude. Zinc content remained unchanged. Notably, dietary nitrate was higher (155.67 ± 22.12 mg/100 g) at high-altitudes. Rhizospheric NFBs were isolated and functionally characterized for N2-fixation efficacy along with various plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes; viz., production of ammonia, siderophores, HCN, IAA and phosphate solubilization. Field inoculation with selected strains significantly enhanced nitrogen content and plant growth. Soil chemical analysis further revealed significant differences between the altitudes. A total of twenty-seven NFBs belonging to Actinobacteria (77%), Proteobacteria (11%), Firmicutes(8%), and Bacteroidetes(4%) were isolated, with Streptomyces being the predominant genus, exhibiting distinct species at different altitudes. Remarkably, high-altitude strains showed significantly higher N2-fixing efficiencies (88.15 ± 17.41 µgN mL-1) than lower-altitude (65.7 ± 14.36 µgN mL-1) along with superior PGP traits. Overall, these findings suggest that E. sativa, enriched in key nutrients at high-altitudes, could be a valuable functional food crop, addressing the dietary needs of high-altitude populations. Furthermore, the rhizospheric NFBs identified in this stud…
date: 2025-04
volume: 15
issue: 1
author list: authors
type: EPrint
type: ArticleEPrint
is part of: repository

Sci. Rep.
type: Collection

Madhu Khatri
type: Person
given name: Madhu
family name: Khatri

Shweta Saxena
type: Person
given name: Shweta
family name: Saxena

Somen Acharya
type: Person
given name: Somen
family name: Acharya

Suresh Korpole
type: Person
given name: Suresh
family name: Korpole

Pushpender Bhardwaj
type: Person
given name: Pushpender
family name: Bhardwaj

Deepika Sharma
type: Person
given name: Deepika
family name: Sharma

Shardulya Shukla
type: Person
given name: Shardulya
family name: Shukla

Manoj Kumar Patel
type: Person
given name: Manoj Kumar
family name: Patel

Bhupinder Kaur
type: Person
given name: Bhupinder
family name: Kaur

Nitish Kumar
type: Person
given name: Nitish
family name: Kumar

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primary topic: Impact of altitudinal variations on plant growth dynamics, nutritional composition, and free living rhizospheric N2 fixing bacterial community of Eruca sativa