@article{open938,
          volume = {78},
          number = {2-3},
          author = {Om V Singh and R K Jain and Rajesh P Singh},
            note = {Copyright of this article belongs to Wiley.},
           title = {Gluconic acid production under varying fermentation conditions byAspergillus niger},
       publisher = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jctb.748/pdf},
            year = {2003},
         journal = {Journal of Chemical Technology \& Biotechnology},
           pages = {208--212},
        keywords = {Aspergillus niger; gluconic acid; submerged fermentation; semisolid-state fermentation; surface
fermentation; solid-state surface fermentation},
             url = {http://crdd.osdd.net/open/938/},
        abstract = {The production of gluconic acid with respect to varying substrate concentrations in
submerged (SmF), semisolid-state (SmSF), surface (SF), and solid-state surface (SSF) fermentations
was analyzed. Under the various fermentation conditions the biomass and specific growth rate varied
with different concentrations of glucose. The highest level of gluconic acid (106.5g dm?3) with 94.7\%
yield was obtained under SSF conditions. In all cases the maximumdegree of gluconic acid conversion
was observed at on initial substrate concentration of 120g dm?3. The rate of glucose uptake increased
on increasing the initial glucose concentration and glucose utilization was observed to be highest
(89?94\%) in the SmSF process and was comparable with the SSF and SF processes. The maximumrate
of cell growth was obtained in all processes at an initial glucose concentration of 120g dm?3. The
gluconic acid production and change in pH were analyzed at varying time intervals and it was observed
that the SmF and SmSF processes were completed within 6 days of incubation whereas the highest
yield was observed after 12 days of incubation and continued thereafter in the SSF process.
\# 2003 Society of Chemical Industry}
}