open: No conditions. Results ordered Creators, Title. 2024-03-28T11:10:34ZEPrintshttp://crdd.osdd.net/images/sitelogo.gifhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/2012-01-02T17:28:08Z2012-01-02T17:28:08Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/362This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3622012-01-02T17:28:08ZPotential role of B7-1 and CD28 molecules in immunosuppression in leprosy.In order to understand the mechanism of unresponsiveness towards Mycobacterium leprae antigens in leprosy, we evaluated the role of M. leprae sonicate antigens in regulating the expression of the costimulatory molecules B7-1, CD28, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), LFA-1alpha, LFA-1beta and Mac-1 on the lymphocytes of both leprosy patients and healthy subjects. It was observed that the expression of B7-1 and CD28 was significantly decreased but the levels of ICAM-1 and LFA-1alpha were increased in patients with untreated borderline leprosy (BL)/lepromatous leprosy (LL) disease. No remarkable change was noticed in the case of borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy or treated BL/LL patients. Further, a striking finding was that lymphocytes from healthy subjects cultured with a particularly high dose of M. leprae sonicate antigens down-regulated the expression of B7-1 and CD28 molecules, but up-regulated the display of ICAM-1 and LFA-1alpha. Furthermore, proliferation induced by M. leprae sonicate was inhibited only by anti-B7-1 antibody. Mycobacterium leprae antigen-induced suppression of the proliferation of lymphocytes of healthy volunteers and LL patients was reversed by culturing the lymphocytes with purified protein derivative (PPD). It may be concluded from the findings in this study that down regulation of B7-1 and CD28 in BL/LL leprosy patients may be responsible for a defective T cell signalling by the B7-1/CD28 pathway caused by M. leprae antigens. This may lead to clonal inactivation of M. leprae-reactive T cells, consequently the bacilli grow without restriction in macrophages.J N AgrewalaB KumarH Vohra2012-01-30T17:56:04Z2012-01-30T17:56:04Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/792This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7922012-01-30T17:56:04ZA 24,000g sediment of Plasmodium berghei induces IL-1 response in mice and exhibits protection against malaria infectionJ N AgrewalaR.K. SainiH.S. Banyal2012-01-30T17:58:09Z2012-03-29T06:21:01Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/780This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7802012-01-30T17:58:09ZM150 modulates the costimulatory signals delivered by B cells to T cells and enhances their ability to help B cells.There is a prerequirement of at least two sets of signals delivered by the antigen-presenting cell (APC) for the optimal activation of T helper (Th) cells. The first signal is provided by the engagement of T cell receptor with the antigen-MHC class II complex, followed by a second stimulus in the form of costimulatory signals. In the present study, we provide evidence that in a T-dependent antigen-driven system, the signals generated by hapten-specific B cells to stimulate Th cells for the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-4 were differentially modified by M150, a 150-kDa molecule expressed on the surface of macrophages. When ovalbumin-specific Th cells were cultured in the presence of 2,4,6 trinitrophenol (TNP)-specific B cells, M150 significantly increased the proliferation of Th cells and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma and decreased the production of IL-4. Further, Th cells stimulated with M150 acquired improved ability to help B cells, resulting in an increase in the number of antibody-secreting cells and in the production of TNP-specific IgG2a antibodies. M150 possibly promotes Th1-like cell activity, as evidenced by predominant secretion of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IgG2a but not IL-4 and IgG1.J N AgrewalaS SuvasA JoshiA. BhatnagarD S VinayG C Mishra2012-01-02T17:26:51Z2012-01-02T17:26:51Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/356This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3562012-01-02T17:26:51ZDifferential effect of anti-B7-1 and anti-M150 antibodies in restricting the delivery of costimulatory signals from B cells and macrophages.B7-1 and M150 are potent costimulatory molecules expressed on B cells and macrophages. We have examined the capacity of Abs against B7-1 and M150 in differentially inhibiting the costimulatory signals delivered by macrophages and B cells to OVA-specific CD4+ T cells. The anti-B7-1 Ab significantly blocked the proliferation of Th cells, MLR, T cell help to B cells, and secretion of IFN-gamma when B cells were used to provide costimulation, but not when macrophages were used. In contrast, anti-M150 Ab significantly decreased the proliferation of Th cells, MLR, and production of IFN-gamma, when macrophages were utilized to provide costimulatory signals, but not when B cells were used as APC. However, when macrophages activated with IFN-gamma were used as a source of costimulation, like anti-M150 Ab, Ab to B7-1 also down-regulated the activation of Th cells. The significance of this finding is that M150 is a potent first costimulatory signal for initiating proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma and providing cognate help for B cells by Th cells when the macrophage is used as an accessory cell. M150-induced IFN-gamma production induces the expression of B7-1 on the surface of macrophages, which then delivers a second cosignal for Th cells. B7-1 works efficiently when B cell provides cosignal. Both of the molecules promote Th1 activity, as evidenced by the inhibition of the secretion of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 by Th cells with anti-M150 and B7-1 Abs.J N AgrewalaS SuvasR K VermaG C Mishra2012-01-02T17:28:38Z2012-01-02T17:28:38Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/363This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3632012-01-02T17:28:38ZBiodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes.Biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes by bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, and fungi are discussed in detail. The disadvantages of physical and chemical treatment processes of dye wastewater are also discussed. Biological treatment processes have many advantages over the chemical and physical treatment processes such as possibility of degradation of dye molecules to carbon dioxide and water and formation of less sludge in addition to being environmentally friendly. This group of dyes is toxic depending on the concentration used. Toxicity of triphenylmethane dyes is discussed with respect to different organisms. Some aspects of biodegradative products of this group of dyes are also mentioned.W AzmiR K SaniU C Banerjee2012-01-30T17:57:51Z2012-01-30T17:57:51Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/782This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7822012-01-30T17:57:51ZRapid spread of the new clone of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor in cholera endemic areas in India.Using molecular techniques, we investigated whether the clone of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor which appeared in Calcutta, India, in 1994 has spread to other cholera endemic areas in the country. The ribotype of 31 of the 33 strains isolated from different parts of India during 1996 and 1997 was identical to the ribotype displayed by the new clone of V. cholerae O1 which emerged in Calcutta in 1994. Likewise, 12 of the 15 strains examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed identical profile to that exhibited by the new clone of O1. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of CTX genetic element of these strains also matched with the new clone of O1 which emerged after the outbreak of V. cholerae 0139 in Calcutta. However, two strains (AH042 and AH046) isolated from an outbreak in Ahmedabad (western India) showed different CTX RFLP but had the same ribotype and PFGE profile as the new clone, whereas one strain from Goa (G2) showed distinct ribotype and PFGE profile and the CTX RFLP was identical to the O1 strains which prevailed before the genesis of 0139 in Calcutta. The drug resistance pattern of most of the O1 strains examined in this study, except strain G2, was similar to that of the new clone of V. cholerae O1. None of the strains in this study carried plasmids. Molecular studies clearly show that the new expanded drug resistant clone of V. cholerae O1 has spread to all cholera endemic areas in India and also provide evidence for the evolution of new clones of the O1 serogroup.P K BagS MaitiC SharmaA GhoshA BasuR MitraS K BhattacharyaS NakamuraS YamasakiY TakedaG Balakrish Nair2012-01-02T17:27:12Z2012-03-29T07:23:38Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/358This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3582012-01-02T17:27:12ZIdentification of an ABC transporter gene that exhibits mRNA level overexpression in fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis.We describe here the PCR amplification of a DNA fragment (mtp1) from Mycobacterium smegmatis using primers derived from consensus sequences of the ABC family of transporters. The fragment encodes amino acid sequences that exhibited significant homology with different ABC transporters. Amino acid sequence alignment of the full length gene with other transporters identified the ABC protein as the B-subunit of the phosphate specific transporter. Strikingly, a M. smegmatis colony which exhibited a high level of ciprofloxacin resistance showed mRNA level overexpression of mtp1. Thus this is the first report in any prokaryote indicating differential expression of an ABC transporter in a fluoroquinolone resistant colony.S K BanerjeeP MisraK BhattS C MandePradip K Chakraborti2012-01-30T17:58:01Z2012-01-30T17:58:01Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/781This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7812012-01-30T17:58:01ZHeterogeneity in the organization of the CTX genetic element in strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from Calcutta, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh and its possible link to the dissimilar incidence of O139 cholera in the two locales.After a lapse of 33 months, Vibrio cholerae O139, the new serogroup associated with cholera, has re-emerged in Calcutta, India and has become the dominant serogroup causing cholera from September 1996. In neighbouring Bangladesh, V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor continues to be the dominant cause of cholera with the O139 serogroup accounting for only a small proportion of cases. Comparison of the phenotypic traits of representative O139 strains from Calcutta and Dhaka isolated between December 1996 and April 1997 showed similar phenotypic traits with the exception that Dhaka O139 strains were susceptible to streptomycin whilst Calcutta O139 strains were resistant. The Dhaka and Calcutta O139 strains displayed identical ribotypes but showed remarkable differences in the structure and organization of the CTX genetic element. In the Dhaka O139 strains, two copies of the CTX element were arranged in tandem and this resembled the pattern displayed by the 1992 epidemic strains of O139. The Calcutta O139 strains, in contrast, carried three copies of the CTX genetic element arranged in tandem with the loss of a conserved BglII restriction site in the RS1 element and the appearance of a new HindIII site in the same region. While there may be other factors, it appears that the reorganization of the CTX genetic element in the Calcutta O139 strains may have contributed to the resurgence of this serogroup in Calcutta.A BasuA K MukhopadhyayC SharmaJ JyotN GuptaA GhoshS K BhattacharyaY TakedaA S FaruqueM J AlbertG Balakrish Nair2012-01-02T17:25:38Z2012-03-29T06:27:41Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/348This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3482012-01-02T17:25:38ZSynthesis of biosurfactants in extreme conditions.The interest in industrial biotechnology and its importance opens up challenging possibilities of research in this area. Surfactants have long been among the most versatile of process chemicals. Their market is extremely competitive and manufacturers will have to expand their arsenal to develop products for the year 2000 and beyond. Biosurfactants are one of the most promising compounds in this regard. A review of the literature reveals that studies on oil-degrading and biosurfactant-producing microorganisms deal almost exclusively with their synthesis in moderate environments. Biosurfactants and the microbes that produce them have numerous industrial, medical and environmental applications, which frequently involve exposure to extremes of temperatures, pressure, ionic strength, pH and organic solvents. Hence, there is a continuing need to isolate microbes that are able to function under extreme conditions. There is an urgent need to explore these extremophiles for their ability to produce biosurfactants that can function suitably under the conditions prevailing when they are applied.Swaranjit Singh CameotraR S Makkar2012-01-30T17:56:58Z2012-04-02T09:36:20Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/787This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7872012-01-30T17:56:58ZLevanases for control of slime in paper manufacture.Formation of slime deposits is a major problem facing paper industries. The slime may be biological or nonbiological. Biological deposits that are composed of varied microflora along with fibers, fillers and dirt are the most troublesome. Slime producing microbes secrete extracellular polysaccharides that gum up the process machinery. The specific nature of slime and its formation depend on the mill environment. Correspondingly, countermeasures vary with the type of slime deposit. Conventional slime control methods generally employ combinations of biocides. This leads to effluent toxicity, as well as high processing and treatment costs. Therefore, alternative control measures are in demand. Once such measure is the use of enzymes (levanases) that dissolve the slime to some degree and improve biocide penetration into the slime layer. As a result, the amount of biocide required is reduced, process economics improve and effluent treatment is simplified.A ChaudharyL.K. GuptaJ.K. GuptaU C Banerjee2012-01-30T17:57:31Z2012-01-30T17:57:31Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/784This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7842012-01-30T17:57:31ZLeishmania donovani infection of a susceptible host results in apoptosis of Th1-like cells: rescue of anti-leishmanial CMI by providing Th1-specific bystander costimulation.A protective immune response against Leishmania donovani infection is mediated by T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells. Th1 induced cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as assessed by anti-leishmanial DTH response, is lost in a susceptible host such as BALB/c mice. Although the impaired Th1 function eventuates in unhindered parasite growth and in manifestation of the susceptible phenotype, the mechanism of down-regulation of the Th1 function is yet to be elucidated. Here, we provide evidence that the parasite down-regulates the expression of a Th1-specific costimulatory molecule, M150, on the surface of infected BALB/c mice-derived macrophages. Th cells are rendered unresponsive to anti-CD3 Ab-mediated stimulation after interaction with infected macrophages. The anergized T cells produce much less IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma compared to those T cells which were costimulated using normal macrophages. The defect in proliferation, anti-CD3 Ab induced unresponsiveness and IFN-gamma but not IL-4 production can be restored by providing bystander costimulation through M150. These results not only unfold a novel immune evasion strategy used by the parasite but also clarify the mechanism of Th1 cell debilitation during the disease. Recovery of Th1 cytokine production by bystander costimulation through M150 may help in formulating a new strategy for the elimination of intracellular parasites.G DasH VohraB SahaJ N AgrewalaG C Mishra2012-01-02T17:28:54Z2015-01-09T10:40:39Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/364This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3642012-01-02T17:28:54ZSite-directed mutagenesis of bacterial hemoglobin: the role of glutamine (E7) in oxygen-binding in the distal heme pocket.The bacterial and yeast hemoglobins have a glutamine instead of histidine in the E7 position of the distal heme pocket. The recently determined crystal structure of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) indicates that this residue is oriented out of the heme pocket and may not ligand the bound oxygen. This is in contrast to elephant myoglobin which also has a Gln(E7) but which does ligand the bound oxygen. This residue was changed in VHb using site-directed mutagenesis to leucine (VHbL) or to histidine (VHbH). Spectral and kinetic studies of the binding of oxygen and CO to VHbL showed that this substitution had little effect on the ligand-binding properties of this protein, evidence that Gln(E7) does not H-bond the bound ligand, in agreement with the findings of the crystallographic study of VHb. In contrast, the functional properties of VHbH were drastically altered in a way suggesting that the E7His may itself be liganded to the heme iron. These studies are further evidence that the distal heme pocket in VHb and related microbial hemoglobins differs from that in mammalian hemoglobins and may resemble in some ways the heme pocket in cytochrome b5.Kanak L DikshitY OriiN NavaniSangeeta PatelH Y HuangB C StarkDale A Webster2013-10-15T04:36:55Z2013-10-15T04:36:55Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1339This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13392013-10-15T04:36:55ZRole of Cytoskeleton in Regulating the Plasma Membrane Structure and Function in Yeast Cells Bharat Lal Dixit2013-10-15T08:58:39Z2013-10-15T08:58:39Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1346This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13462013-10-15T08:58:39ZAntigenic Targets in Plasmodium Falciparum Infected ErythrocytesM Indu2013-10-17T04:22:57Z2015-01-08T09:20:29Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1350This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13502013-10-17T04:22:57ZInvestigations into the Possible Causes of Inositol Auxotrophy in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces Pombe
S S Ingavale2012-01-02T17:26:08Z2012-03-28T09:18:32Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/351This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3512012-01-02T17:26:08ZA minisatellite sequence within the propeptide region of the vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.We describe the presence of a minisatellite sequence that displays length polymorphisms in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The minisatellite sequence was found to reside within the propeptide region of the vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y gene. The minisatellite sequence, which was found only at a single locus, was mitotically stable and displayed length polymorphisms between the two varieties of S. pombe (S. pombe var. pombe and S. pombe var. malidevorans). The minisatellite sequence, however, appeared to be species specific and was absent in other members of the Schizosaccharomyces genus. This report constitutes the first experimental demonstration of the presence of such sequences in yeasts.S S IngavaleR KaurPushpa AgrawalAnand K Bachhawat2012-01-30T17:58:48Z2012-03-29T09:54:41Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/776This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7762012-01-30T17:58:48ZHemoglobin biosynthesis in Vitreoscilla stercoraria DW: cloning, expression, and characterization of a new homolog of a bacterial globin gene.In the strictly aerobic, gram-negative bacterium Vitreoscilla strain C1, oxygen-limited growth conditions create a more than 50-fold increase in the expression of a homodimeric heme protein which was recognized as the first bacterial hemoglobin (Hb). The recently determined crystal structure of Vitreoscilla Hb has indicated that the heme pocket of microbial globins differs from that of eukaryotic Hbs. In an attempt to understand the diverse functions of Hb-like proteins in prokaryotes, we have cloned and characterized the gene (vgb) encoding an Hb-like protein from another strain of Vitreoscilla, V. stercoraria DW. Several silent changes were observed within the coding region of the V. stercoraria vgb gene. Apart from that, V. stercoraria Hb exhibited interesting differences between the A and E helices. Compared to its Hb counterpart from Vitreoscilla strain C1, the purified preparation of V. stercoraria Hb displays a slower autooxidation rate. The differences between Vitreoscilla Hb and V. stercoraria Hb were mapped onto the three-dimensional structure of Vitreoscilla Hb, which indicated that the four changes, namely, Ile7Val, Ile9Thr, Ile10Ser, and Leu62Val, present within the V. stercoraria Hb fall in the region where the A and E helices contact each other. Therefore, alteration in the relative orientation of the A and E helices and the corresponding conformational change in the heme binding pocket of V. stercoraria Hb can be correlated to its slower autooxidation rate. In sharp contrast to the oxygen-regulated biosynthesis of Hb in Vitreoscilla strain C1, production of Hb in V. stercoraria has been found to be low and independent of oxygen control, which is supported by the absence of a fumarate and nitrate reductase regulator box within the V. stercoraria vgb promoter region. Thus, the regulation mechanisms of the Hb-encoding gene appear to be quite different in the two closely related species of Vitreoscilla. The relatively slower autooxidation rate of V. stercoraria Hb, lack of oxygen sensitivity, and constitutive production of Hb suggest that it may have some other function(s) in the cellular physiology of V. stercoraria DW, together with facilitated oxygen transport, predicted for earlier reported Vitreoscilla Hb.M JoshiS C MandeKanak L Dikshit2013-10-17T04:09:30Z2013-10-17T04:09:30Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1347This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13472013-10-17T04:09:30ZMolecular and Genetic Studies on Pleiotropic Drug Sensitive
Mutants of The Yeast Saccharomyces CerevisiaeRupinder Kaur2012-01-30T17:59:04Z2015-01-09T09:08:20Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/774This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7742012-01-30T17:59:04ZDiverse CTXΦs and evolution of new pathogenic Vibrio choleraeToxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal emerged in late 1992 in southern India as the first non-O1 cause of epidemic cholera, and rapidly became the main cause of cholera on the Indian subcontinent.1 Despite the initial explosive spread of V cholerae O139, by 1994 the incidence of O139 Bengal cholera had declined and the E1 Tor biotype of V cholerae O1 once again became the predominant cause of cholera in this region.2 In August, 1996, after nearly 3 years, V cholerae O139 reemerged as the main cause of cholera in Calcutta. Harvey H KimseyG B NairAmit GhoshMatthew K Waldor2012-01-30T17:58:33Z2012-04-02T09:51:34Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/778This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7782012-01-30T17:58:33ZThe catalysis of intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction by palladium complexesPalladium (II) acetate and triphenylphosphine in the ratio of 1:2 catalyze intramoleeular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction.Kamal KumarR S Jolly2012-01-30T17:57:17Z2012-03-29T06:28:44Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/785This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7852012-01-30T17:57:17ZProduction of biosurfactant at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions by a strain of Bacillus subtilisThe ability of a Bacillus subtilis strain to grow and produce biosurfactant on different carbon and nitrogen sources under thermophilic conditions (45°C) was studied. The strain was able to reduce surface tension to 34 dynes cm-1 on 2% sucrose, and 32 dynes cm-1 on starch after 96 h of growth. The biosurfactant was stable at 100°C and within
a wide pH range (3.0–11.0). Biosurfactant formation at mesophilic conditions (30°C) was also studied. The organism
was able to produce the maximum amount of biosurfactant when nitrate ions were supplied as the nitrogen source.
The potential application of the biosurfactant in oil recovery from desert oil fields, acidic and alkaline environments is demonstrated. The biosurfactant was identical to surfactin as confirmed by TLC and IR analysis.R S MakkarSwaranjit Singh Cameotra2012-01-30T17:57:40Z2015-01-09T08:47:31Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/783This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7832012-01-30T17:57:40ZCharacterization of a fungal amylase from Mucor sp. associated with the marine sponge Spirastrella sp.A novel amylase was isolated from the Mucor sp. associated with the marine sponge Spirastrella sp., grown at 30°C. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 5.0 and an optimum temperature of 60°C. The half lives of the partially purified enzyme at 55 and 60°C were 120 and 50 min, respectively. The activation and deactivation energies of the partially purified enzyme were 46.60 and 157.05 kJ mol−1, respectively. The enzyme activity was not affected by the addition of 3% NaCl, 10 mM Ca2+ and 25 mM Mg2+, but was strongly inhibited by EDTA.B.R. MohapatraU C BanerjeeM Bapuji2012-01-30T17:58:56Z2015-01-09T11:15:40Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/775This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7752012-01-30T17:58:56ZMolecular epidemiology of the re-emerged Vibrio cholerae 0139 Bengal in IndiaWe report the prevalence of the O139 serogroup in Calcutta, India, after its reemergence in August 1996 and the spread of the reemerged clone to other parts of the country by using previously established molecular markers. Phenotypically, the reemerged Vibrio cholerae O139 displayed a difference compared to those that appeared in late 1992 and 1993 in that the current O139 strains are sensitive to co-trimoxazole. Ribotyping with the enzymeBglI produced two rRNA restriction patterns in the O139 strains isolated after August 1996, and these patterns were identical to those exhibited by strains of O139 isolated in 1992. Three clones ofV. cholerae O139 are currently prevailing in the country, with strains exhibiting three bands after HindIII digestion and hybridization with a ctxA probe being dominant. The reemergence of V. cholerae O139 in Calcutta after a 32-month quiescent period reestablishes the O139 serogroup as an entity which is likely to play a crucial role in the temporal antigenic variations among the serogroups of V. cholerae causing cholera. A K MukhopadhyayA BasuP. GargA GhoshS K BhattacharyaY TakedaG B Nair2012-01-02T17:27:03Z2015-01-09T11:40:44Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/357This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3572012-01-02T17:27:03ZRole of the amino-terminal region of streptokinase in the generation of a fully functional plasminogen activator complex probed with synthetic peptides.The mechanism whereby fragments of streptokinase (SK) derived from its N terminus (e.g., SK1-59 or SK1-63) enhance the low plasminogen (PG)-activating ability of other fragments, namely SK64-386, SK60-414, SK60-387, and SK60-333 (reported previously), has been investigated using a synthetic peptide approach. The addition of either natural SK1-59, or chemically synthesized SK16-59, at saturation (about 500-fold molar excess) generated amidolytic and PG activation capabilities in equimolar mixtures of human plasminogen (HPG) and its complementary fragment (either SK60-414 or SK56-414, prepared by expression of truncated SK gene fragments in Escherichia coli) that were approximately 1.2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, of that generated by equimolar mixtures of native SK and HPG. Although in the absence of SK1-59 equimolar mixtures of SK56-414 and HPG could generate almost 80% of amidolytic activity, albeit slowly, less than 2% level of PG activation could be observed under the same conditions, indicating that the contribution of the N-terminal region lay mainly in imparting in SK56-414 an enhanced ability for PG activation. The ability of various synthetic peptides derived from the amino-terminal region (SK16-51, SK16-45, SK37-59, SK1-36, SK16-36, and SK37-51) to (1) complement equimolar mixtures of SK56-414 and HPG for the generation of amidolytic and PG activation functions, (2) inhibit the potentiation of SK56-414 and HPG by SK16-59, and (3) directly inhibit PG activation by the 1:1 SK-HPG activator complex was tested. Apart from SK16-59, SK16-51, and 16-45, the ability to rapidly generate amidolytic potential in HPG in the presence of SK56-414 survived even in the smaller SK-peptides, viz., SK37-59 and SK37-51. However, this ability was abolished upon specifically mutating the sequence -LTSRP-, present at position 42-46 in native SK. Although SK16-51 retained virtually complete ability for potentiation of PG activation in comparison to SK16-59 or SK1-59, this ability was reduced by approximately fourfold in the case of SK16-45, and completely abolished upon further truncation of the C-terminal residues to SK16-36 or SK1-36. Remarkably, however, these peptides not only displayed ability to bind PG, but also showed strong inhibition of PG activation by the native activator complex in the micromolar range of concentration; the observed inhibition, however, could be competitively relieved by increasing the concentration of substrate PG in the reaction, suggesting that this region in SK contains a site directed specifically toward interaction with substrate PG. This conclusion was substantiated by the observation that the potentiation of PG activating ability was found to be considerably reduced in a peptide (SK25-59) in which the sequence corresponding to this putative locus (residues 16-36) was truncated at the middle. On the other hand, fragments SK37-51 and SK37-59 did not show any inhibition of the PG activation by native activator complex. Taken together, these findings strongly support a model of SK action wherein the HPG binding site resident in the region 37-51 helps in anchoring the N-terminal domain to the strong intermolecular complex formed between HPG and the region 60-414. In contrast, the site located between residues 16 and 36 is qualitatively more similar to the previously reported PG interacting site (SK254-273) present in the core region of SK, in being involved in the relatively low-affinity enzyme-substrate interactions of the activator complex with PG during the catalytic cycle.D NihalaniR KumarKammara RajagopalGirish Sahni2012-01-30T17:56:41Z2015-01-09T10:33:31Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/789This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7892012-01-30T17:56:41ZAnalysis of the effect of interruptions in substrate inflow on a fed-batch fermentation with recombinant bacteriaFermentations employing recombinant bacteria are sensitive to inflow disturbances. In this study, a fed-batch fermentation using a recombinant Escherichia coli strain is analyzed for its performance under interruptions in the flow rate and concentration of the substrate. To enable separate control of the two variables, the experimental scheme has two inflow streams—a concentrated substrate and a diluent—which can be mixed in any desired proportion. The mathematical model expresses the dynamic variations of the overall concentrations of the plasmid-containing and plasmid-free cells in the bioreactor, as well as the intra-cellular concentrations of the plasmid DNA and the recombinant protein (β-galactosidase). The intra-cellular and the extra-cellular variables follow different patterns with time. While interruptions in any one inflow stream reduce β-galactosidase production, simultaneous failure and restart of both streams promote its formation. This result may be explained by analogy with previous studies with feed cycling, and suggests that short-duration interruptions may have fortuitously beneficial effects.P R Patnaik2012-01-30T17:56:50Z2015-01-12T04:12:23Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/788This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7882012-01-30T17:56:50ZDispersion-induced behavior in sub-critical operation of a recombinant fed-batch fermentation with run-away plasmidsFermentations with recombinant bacteria containing run-away plasmids are typically operated alternately above and below a critical temperature. To minimize the risks of run away reactions, it is preferable to keep the high temperature periods as short as possible. In this study the possibility of sustained low temperature (sub-critical) operation in a suitably non-homogeneous broth is analyzed. Fluid dispersion is used as a measure of non-homogeneity.
The fed-batch production of g-galactosidase by Escherichia coli containing the plasmid pOU140 and operated below 37 :C is analysed as a model system. To characterize non-homogeneity, an earlier model visualizing the broth as a set of two reactors with internal recycle has been modified for fed-batch fermentation. Three dilution rates, two internal and one external, quantify fluid dispersion. While plasmid replication and fermentation become quenched in sub-critical operation in a well-mixed reactor, with finite dispersion there may be an increase in the concentration of plasmid-containing cells and the recombinant protein. The concentration profiles many also have one or more peaks in the time domain. Thus, sustained fermentation with run-away plasmids appears feasible in a bioreactor with controlled non-homogeneity.
P R Patnaik2012-01-30T17:56:25Z2015-01-12T04:23:54Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/790This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7902012-01-30T17:56:25ZA sufficiency analysis of asymptotic stability in continuous recombinant fermentation with auxotrophic mutantsFermentations employing genetically modified microorganisms are sensitive to the disturbances likely in large bioreactors. Since these disturbances may affect the competition between recombinant cells and plasmid-free cells, with consequent effects on plasmid stability and reactor stability, it is useful to identify regions of asymptoticstability (RAS) which do not vary with shifts in the operating condition. Using a model for continuousfermentation with auxotrophicmutants, sufficient conditions have been derived for such operationally invariant RAS. Plots for Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the pBR322 plasmid show that improving the segregational stability makes the fermentation more vulnerable to disturbances. Thus, real reactor operation must balance both kinds of stability.P R Patnaik2012-01-02T17:26:16Z2012-03-29T09:55:36Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/352This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3522012-01-02T17:26:16ZEffect of signal peptide changes on the extracellular processing of streptokinase from Escherichia coli: requirement for secondary structure at the cleavage junction.Streptokinase (SK), an extracellular protein from Streptococcus equisimilis, is secreted post-translationally by Escherichia coli using both its native and E. coli-derived transport signals. In this communication we report that cleavage specificity of signal peptidase I, and thus efficiency of secretion, varies in E. coli when SK export is directed by different transport signals. The native (+1) N-terminus of mature SK was retained when it was transported under the control of its own, PelB or LamB signal peptide. However, when translocation of SK was controlled by the OmpA or MalE signal peptide, Ala2 of mature SK was preferred as a cleavage site for the pre-SK processing. Our results indicate that compatibility of the leader peptide with the mature sequences of SK, which fulfills the requirement for a given secondary structure within the cleavage region, is essential for maintaining the correct processing of pre-SK. An OmpA-SK fusion, which results in the deletion of two N-terminal amino acid residues of mature SK, was further studied with respect to the recognition of alternative cleavage site in E. coli. The alanine at +2 in mature SK was changed to glycine or its relative position was changed to +3 by introducing a methionine residue at the +1 position. Both alterations resulted in the correct cleavage of pre-SK at the original OmpA fusion site. In contrast, introduction of an additional alanine at +4, creating three probable cleavage sites (Ala-x-Ala-x-Ala-x-Ala), resulted in the recognition of all three target sites for cleavage, with varying efficiency. The results indicate that the nature of the secondary structure generated at the cleavage junction of pre-SK, resulting from the fusion of different signal peptides, modulates the cleavage specificity of signal peptidase I during extracellular processing of SK. Based on these findings it is proposed that flexibility in the interaction of the active site of signal peptidase I with the cleavage sites of signal peptides may occur when it encounters two or more juxtaposed cleavage sites. Preference for one cleavage site over another, then, may depend on fulfillment of secondary structure requirements in the vicinity of the pre-protein cleavage junction.J PratapKanak L Dikshit2013-10-17T05:35:57Z2015-01-12T04:36:38Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1353This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13532013-10-17T05:35:57ZMicrobial Production of Bio surfactants: isolation & characterization of the biosurfactants & identification of the strainsV. Pruthi2013-10-17T04:16:32Z2013-10-17T04:16:32Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1348This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13482013-10-17T04:16:32ZProbing Phospholipid-Protein Interactions Using Butanetriol
Containing Phospholipid AnalogsVishwajeet Puri2012-01-02T17:26:43Z2012-03-29T07:24:34Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/355This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3552012-01-02T17:26:43ZActivation of rat androgen receptor by androgenic ligands is unaffected by antiandrogens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The E. coli lacZ has been utilized as a reporter to evaluate ligand-mediated activation of the rat androgen receptor (AR) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YCR1. beta-galactosidase activity was androgen-specific and was found to be inducible approximately 260-fold by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone and R1881. None of the antiandrogens tested was able to antagonize the DHT-dependent induction of beta-galactosidase activity. In the gel retardation assay, exposure of the receptor to DHT in vitro led to the formation of a protein-DNA complex that was not detected in yeast extracts unexposed to hormone. However, activation of AR by a steroidal (cyproterone acetate) and a non-steroidal antiandrogen (flutamide) either alone or in combination with DHT also results in a similar migration pattern. Additionally, LEM1, the ABC transporter that selectively modulates the biological potency of steroids in yeast, although operative in YCR1, was not responsible for antiandrogen resistance. These results thus indicate the involvement of other non-receptor factor(s) in mediating the effect of antiandrogens in yeast.S RanaD BishtPradip K Chakraborti2013-10-15T04:31:17Z2013-10-15T04:31:17Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1338This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13382013-10-15T04:31:17ZFunctional Analysis of Rat Androgen Receptor Mutants in a Heterologous Expresssion SystemSeema Rana2012-01-30T17:58:22Z2012-03-29T06:14:05Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/779This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7792012-01-30T17:58:22ZActivation of rat androgen receptor by androgenic ligands is unaffected by antiandrogens in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeThe E. coli lacZ has been utilized as a reporter to evaluate ligand-mediated activation of the rat androgen receptor (AR) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YCR1. β-galactosidase activity was androgen-specific and was found to be inducible ∼260-fold by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone and R1881. None of the antiandrogens tested was able to antagonize the DHT-dependent induction of β-galactosidase activity. In the gel retardation assay, exposure of the receptor to DHT in vitro led to the formation of a protein–DNA complex that was not detected in yeast extracts unexposed to hormone. However, activation of AR by a steroidal (cyproterone acetate) and a non-steroidal antiandrogen (flutamide) either alone or in combination with DHT also results in a similar migration pattern. Additionally, LEM1, the ABC transporter that selectively modulates the biological potency of steroids in yeast, although operative in YCR1, was not responsible for antiandrogen resistance. These results thus indicate the involvement of other non-receptor factor(s) in mediating the effect of antiandrogens in yeast.Seema RanaD BishtPradip K Chakraborti2012-01-02T17:26:24Z2012-01-02T17:26:24Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/353This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3532012-01-02T17:26:24ZSegregational and structural instability of recombinant plasmid carrying genes for naphthalene degrading pathway.The stability of recombinant plasmid carrying genes for naphthalene mineralization was determined. A strain of Pseudomonas putida capable of mineralizing naphthalene (Nap+) via salicylate (Sal+) was isolated, and all regulatory and structural genes for the whole pathway were found to be encoded on a 25 kb EcoRI fragment of an approximately 83 kb plasmid present in this strain. The 25 kb EcoRI fragment was cloned into a tetracycline-resistant (TcR) cloning vector pLAFR3 and the recombinant plasmid, pRKJ3 (Nap+, Sal+, TcR), thus obtained was transferred into the plasmid-free strain Pseudomonas putida KT2442 in order to test the stability of the plasmid. Plasmid pRKJ3 was found to be segregationally and/or structurally unstable, depending on the growth conditions. Two types of novel derivative strains having the phenotypes Nap-, Sal+, TcR and Nap-, Sal-, TcR with specific deletions of approximately 2 kb and 18 kb, respectively, were obtained.S K SamantaM RaniR K Jain2013-10-15T08:47:01Z2015-01-09T11:28:51Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1343This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13432013-10-15T08:47:01ZStudies on the Microbial Degradation of Triphenylmethane DyesR K Sani2012-01-02T17:26:33Z2012-01-02T17:26:33Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/354This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3542012-01-02T17:26:33ZComparison of static and shake culture in the decolorization of textile dyes and dye effluents by Phanerochaete chrysoporium.Decolorization of several dyes (Red HE-8B, Malachite Green, Navy Blue HE-2R, Magenta, Crystal Violet) and an industrial effluent with growing cells of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in shake and static culture was demonstrated. All the dyes and the industrial effluent were decolorized to some extent with varying percentages of decolorization (20-100%). The rate of decolorization was very rapid with Red HE-8B, an industrial dye. Decolorization rates for all the dyes in static condition were found to be less than the shake culture and also dependent on biomass concentration.R K SaniW AzmiU C Banerjee2012-01-02T17:27:49Z2012-01-02T17:27:49Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/361This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3612012-01-02T17:27:49ZRegulation of secretion of IL-4 and IgG1 isotype by melatonin-stimulated ovalbumin-specific T cells.In the present study, we describe the potential role of melatonin, a pineal hormone, in regulating the activation of the antigen-specific T cell response. Melatonin encouraged the proliferation of Th cells and improved their ability to secrete IL-4, but down-regulated the levels of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Melatonin, however, could not exert any influence on the T cells of unprimed mice. On studying the regulation of subclass of IgG isotype, melatonin specifically enhanced the secretion of antigen-specific IgG1 antibodies and decreased the yield of IgG2a isotype. The results suggest that melatonin possibly acts by selectively activating a Th2-like immune response.A V ShajiS K KulkarniJ N Agrewala2013-10-15T04:18:04Z2015-01-13T11:36:49Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1337This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13372013-10-15T04:18:04ZStudies on the Epidemic Strains of Vibrio Cholerae 01 and
0139C Sharma2012-01-02T17:27:27Z2012-01-02T17:27:27Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/359This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3592012-01-02T17:27:27ZMolecular evidence that a distinct Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strain in Calcutta may have spread to the African continent.We present molecular evidence that a distinct genotype of Vibrio cholerae O1 which appeared in Calcutta, India, in September 1993 and which is characterized by a unique ribotype that is not found in the standardized ribotyping scheme of V. cholerae and that shows a specific pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile may have spread to the west African country of Guinea-Bissau where it was responsible for an epidemic of cholera which began in October 1994 and continued into 1996.C SharmaA GhoshA DalsgaardA ForslundR K GhoshS K BhattacharyaG B Nair2012-01-02T17:26:00Z2012-01-02T17:26:00Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/350This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3502012-01-02T17:26:00ZMolecular analysis of the cholera toxin gene & antibiotic sensitivity profile of Vibrio cholerae O1 & O139 associated with mixed infection.In the context of the reemergence of V. cholerae O1 in India and the recent evidence that O139 strains could have evolved from O1 E1 Tor strains, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the rRNA and the ctx genes and the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the two strains of V. cholerae, one an O1 and the other an O139, associated with mixed infection, were examined to determine their relatedness. Our results demonstrate that although the strains belonged to different clones of V. cholerae, they showed similar antibiotic sensitivity, profile indicating some exchange of genetic elements.C SharmaA GhoshR K GhoshA K MukhopadhyayG B Nair2012-01-02T17:27:41Z2012-01-02T17:27:42Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/360This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3602012-01-02T17:27:41ZMolecular analysis of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae associated with an unusual upsurge in the incidence of cholera-like disease in Calcutta, India.There was an inexplicable upsurge in the incidence of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae among hospitalized patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India, between February and March 1996. Of the 18 strains of V. cholerae isolated during this period, 15 belonged to the non-O1, non-O139 serogroups (4 belonged to O144, 3 belonged to O11, 1 each belonged to O6, O8, O12, O19, O39, and O58, and 2 strains could not be typed), 2 belonged to the O139 serogroup, and 1 belonged to the O1 serogroup. Cell-free culture supernatants of 13 representative non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae strains evoked a distinct cytotoxic effect on CHO and HeLa cells, and the strains examined produced the nonmembrane-damaging cytotoxin. By several PCR assays, it was determined that none of the non-O1, non-O139 strains were positive for the ctxA, zot, ace, and tcpA genes and for the genes representing the heat-labile toxin, heat-stable toxin, and verotoxin of Escherichia coli and the various variants of these genes. Studies on the clonality of non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of rRNA genes and of other genes (hlyA, hlyU, hlx, toxR, and attRS1) and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) collectively indicate that the upsurge which occurred in February and March 1996 was caused by strains belonging to different clones. Overall, there was an excellent correlation between the results of ribotyping, RFLP analysis of various genes, and PFGE, with strains belonging to a particular serogroup showing nearly identical restriction patterns and PFGE profiles. It is clear from this study that some serogroups of V. cholerae can cause diarrhea by a mechanism quite different from that of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139, and we have proposed the nomenclature of enteropathogenic V. cholerae to include these serogroups.C SharmaM ThungapathraA GhoshA K MukhopadhyayA BasuR MitraI BasuS K BhattacharyaT ShimadaT RamamurthyT TakedaS YamasakiY TakedaG B Nair2013-10-15T08:39:15Z2013-10-15T08:39:15Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1341This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13412013-10-15T08:39:15ZScreening and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable D-HydantoinaseRakesh Sharma2013-10-15T04:15:11Z2013-10-15T04:15:11Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1336This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13362013-10-15T04:15:11ZStudies on S.aureus alpha-Hemolysin Mutants and the Mechanism of Action of the Toxin on Epidermoid Cancer Cells
Vanadana Sharma2013-10-17T04:19:58Z2013-10-17T04:19:58Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1349This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13492013-10-17T04:19:58ZThe Role of the Heat Shock Proteins in the Thermotolerance Distillery Yeast StrainsVishva Mitra Sharma2012-01-02T17:25:47Z2012-01-02T17:25:47Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/349This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3492012-01-02T17:25:47ZA novel function of the DNA repair gene rhp6 in mating-type silencing by chromatin remodeling in fission yeast.Recent studies have indicated that the DNA replication machinery is coupled to silencing of mating-type loci in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a similar silencing mechanism may operate in the distantly related yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Regarding gene regulation, an important function of DNA replication may be in coupling of faithful chromatin assembly to reestablishment of the parental states of gene expression in daughter cells. We have been interested in isolating mutants that are defective in this hypothesized coupling. An S. pombe mutant fortuitously isolated from a screen for temperature-sensitive growth and silencing phenotype exhibited a novel defect in silencing that was dependent on the switching competence of the mating-type loci, a property that differentiates this mutant from other silencing mutants of S. pombe as well as of S. cerevisiae. This unique mutant phenotype defined a locus which we named sng1 (for silencing not governed). Chromatin analysis revealed a switching-dependent unfolding of the donor loci mat2P and mat3M in the sng1(-) mutant, as indicated by increased accessibility to the in vivo-expressed Escherichia coli dam methylase. Unexpectedly, cloning and sequencing identified the gene as the previously isolated DNA repair gene rhp6. RAD6, an rhp6 homolog in S. cerevisiae, is required for postreplication DNA repair and ubiquitination of histones H2A and H2B. This study implicates the Rad6/rhp6 protein in gene regulation and, more importantly, suggests that a transient window of opportunity exists to ensure the remodeling of chromatin structure during chromosome replication and recombination. We propose that the effects of the sng1(-)/rhp6(-) mutation on silencing are indirect consequences of changes in chromatin structure.J SinghV GoelA J Klar2013-10-15T08:42:24Z2013-10-15T08:42:24Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1342This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13422013-10-15T08:42:24ZStudies of the Production of Alkaline Protease By a Newly Isolated Bacillus SphaericusJasvir Singh2012-01-30T17:56:14Z2015-01-07T06:00:49Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/791This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7912012-01-30T17:56:14ZRoutes of transmission in the hepatitis E epidemic of Saharanpur.A large waterborne epidemic of hepatitis E occurred in the city of Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh, India) between December 1992 and April 1993. A random survey was conducted in the affected area of Saharanpur. Source of water supply, number of family members, number and characteristics of affected persons were noted. Blood, stool and water samples were collected. The incidence of hepatitis was 14% in the affected area of the city. A total of 3682 individuals were affected with the disease. Attack rate for adults was significantly higher than the children aged < 15 years (17% vs 7%; p < 0.0001). Among the adults, the attack rate was higher for males than females (23% vs 12%; p < 0.0001). The incidence of hepatitis was greater in persons using the municipal water supply (17%) as compared to hand pump (0.9%) or tubewell water (0%). There was a single peak in the epidemic. Of the 56 fresh cases, 38 (64%) occurred within two weeks, 14 within 2-4 weeks and 4 within 4-6 weeks of index cases. Serologic markers for acute hepatitis A, B and C were absent. IgM anti-HEV was positive in 20 out of 24 sera tested. Immune electron microscopy detected 27-34 nm virus-like particles (VLPs) in 2 of 8 stool specimens and in 1 of 3 water samples. The epidemic occurred due to leakage of municipal water supply pipes passing through the sewerage holes. A large waterborne epidemic of hepatitis E resulted due to contaminated water supply. VLPs were detected in water. Adults and males were commonly affected. There was no person-to-person spread.V SinghV SinghManoj RajeC K NainK Singh2012-01-30T17:58:40Z2012-01-30T17:58:40Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/777This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7772012-01-30T17:58:40ZAn observation of a folded β-Ala conformation in a model peptide: Boc-L-Pip-β-Ala-NHCH3, X-ray diffraction studyAn X-ray crystallographic characterization of a ‘locally folded’ conformation of a β-Ala residue, in a short linear peptide: Boc-L-Pip-β-Ala-NHCH3, has been described. The critical μ torsion angle between the methylene groups of the β-Ala adopts a typical gauche (g−) conformation. The urethane moiety is found in the uncommon type a. The influence of the geometrical variation of the Pip residue on β-Ala conformation has been emphasized.Ashwani K. ThakurRaghuvansh Kishore2013-10-15T04:41:42Z2013-10-15T04:41:42Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1340This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13402013-10-15T04:41:42ZBiological Treatment of Textile and Dye-Stuff Effluent With a Special Emphasis on Triphenylmethane Dyes
Azmi Wamik