open: No conditions. Results ordered Creators, Title. 2024-03-28T18:06:01ZEPrintshttp://crdd.osdd.net/images/sitelogo.gifhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/2012-01-30T17:55:45Z2012-01-30T17:55:45Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/794This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7942012-01-30T17:55:45ZInfluence of HLA-DR on the phenotype of CD4+ T lymphocytes specific for an epitope of the 16-kDa alpha-crystallin antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.T helper phenotype may be influenced by cytokine milieu, the differential expression of co-stimulatory molecules, antigen dose, and by differences in affinity at the TCR-peptide-MHC interface. We investigated the latter hypothesis by examining the response of six HLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T cell lines specific for the immunodominant and permissively recognized p91-110 epitope of the 16-kDa alpha-crystallin protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Each line was generated from a sensitized HLA-DR-heterozygous donor and all proliferated when peptide was presented by autologous irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, when HLA-DR-matched homozygous Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed B cell lines (L-BCL) were used as peptide-presenting cells there was heterogeneity in the response. The most pronounced proliferative response, and the highest IFN-gamma secretion and cytolytic activity was stimulated by L-BCL expressing molecules (DRB1*0101, *1501 and *0401) with high affinity (IC50 < 10 microM) for the 16p91-110 peptide. By comparison, IL-4 secretion or a lower proliferative response could occur when peptide was presented by alleles of high, or of intermediate (10 microM < IC50 < 100 microM), affinity. These data support the hypothesis that the host MHC can influence CD4+ phenotype and have implications for subunit vaccination against tuberculosis.J N AgrewalaR J Wilkinson2012-01-30T17:54:50Z2015-01-08T09:42:36Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/799This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7992012-01-30T17:54:50ZInduced Conformational Preferences in a Non-chiral β-Ala Residue: X-ray Diffraction, 1H NMR, FT-IR and CD Studies of Boc-β-Ala-D-Ala-NHCH3 and Boc-β-Ala-L-Ala-NHCH3In order to demonstrate the conformational features that can be induced by achiralresidue in a β-Ala moiety, X-raydiffraction structure of Boc-β-Ala-D-Ala-NHCH31 have been determined and compared with Boc-β-Ala-L-Ala-NHCH32. An analysis of the crystal molecular conformations reveals the establishment of non-superimposable stereogeometrical features across β-Ala residues. The supramolecular assembly of the highly ordered L-shaped molecules, generated by the parallel arrangements of the peptide molecules, is stabilised by a network of intermolecular H-bonds between the CO and NH groups. The chiroptical investigations in solvents of varying polarities provide experimental evidence which strongly supports that the stereochemical preferences of the β-Alaresidue can restrict significant conformational averagingBaumathi S AshishD. VelmurganRaghuvansh Kishore2012-01-31T08:43:50Z2014-03-27T09:34:55Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/809This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8092012-01-31T08:43:50ZBiodegradation of soil-applied endosulfan in the presence of a biosurfactantBiodegradation of endosulfan isomers in soil‐applied and flask‐coated conditions was studied, by an isolated bacterial coculture. The degradation in soil‐applied form was 20–30% slower than in flask‐coated condition. Addition of a biosurfactant, isolated from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 1427, enhanced the rate of biodegradation by 30–45% in both the conditions. It also mobilized the residual endosulfan towards biodegradation, that otherwise remains undegraded.N. AwasthiA. KumarR S MakkarSwaranjit Singh Cameotra2012-01-31T12:31:00Z2012-01-31T12:31:00Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/825This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8252012-01-31T12:31:00ZDecolorization of triphenylmethane dyes by the growing and resting cells of Bacillus sp.W AzmiU C Banerjee2012-01-03T16:49:29Z2012-01-03T16:49:29Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/340This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3402012-01-03T16:49:29ZIdentification of the INO1 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv reveals a novel class of inositol-1-phosphate synthase enzyme.1L-myo-inositol (inositol) is vital for the biogenesis of mycothiol, phosphatidylinositol and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors linked to complex carbohydrates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All these cellular components are thought to play important roles in host-pathogen interactions and in the survival of the pathogen within the host. However, the inositol biosynthetic pathway in M. tuberculosis is not known. To delineate the pathways for inositol formation, we employed a unique combination of tertiary structure prediction and yeast-based functional assays. Here, we describe the identification of the gene for mycobacterial INO1 that encodes inositol-1-phosphate synthase distinct in many respects from the eukaryotic analogues.N BachhawatS C Mande2013-10-17T04:27:12Z2013-10-17T04:27:12Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1351This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13512013-10-17T04:27:12ZRole of Active Efflux in Mycobacterial Drug ResistanceSanjiban Kumar Bandyopadhyay2012-01-30T17:53:49Z2015-01-09T11:27:55Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/802This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8022012-01-30T17:53:49ZThermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus brevis and its characterization as a laundry detergent additiveAn alkaline protease from a facultatively thermophilic and alkalophilic strain of Bacillus brevis has been studied. The enzyme from a shake flask culture displayed maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 37°C. The extracellular production of the enzyme, its thermostable nature and compatibility with most commercial detergents are features which suggest its application in detergent industry. The organism utilized several carbon sources for the production of proteases, lactose was the best substrate followed by glucose and sucrose. Among the various organic nitrogen sources, soyabean meal was found to be the best. The protease was stable at 25°C for 288 h whereas, at 50 and 60°C, the half lives were 60 and 7 h, respectively. The thermostability of the protease was enhanced by modifying its microenvironment. Acetate salts of Ca2+ and Na+ increased thermostability and protected against autolysis. Addition of Ca2+ (10 mM) and glycine (1 M) individually and in combination was found to be effective in increasing the half life of protease by many folds. The enzyme retained more than 50% activity after 4 days at 60°C in the presence of both Ca2+ (10 mM) and glycine (1 M). The enzyme showed compatibility at 60°C with commercial detergents such as Aerial Microshine®, Surf excel®, Surf Ultra® and Rin® in the presence of Ca2+ and glycine. This enzyme improved the cleaning power of various detergents. It could remove blood stains completely when used with detergents in the presence of Ca2+ and glycine.U C BanerjeeR K SaniW AzmiRaman Soni2013-10-17T05:43:46Z2013-10-17T05:43:46Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1355This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13552013-10-17T05:43:46ZIsolation, Cloning and Characterization of Gene(s) Involved in Adaptation of Yeast to High Salt Stress
Parmil Kumar Bansal2012-01-31T08:43:31Z2015-01-08T09:44:45Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/811This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8112012-01-31T08:43:31Ztert-Butoxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-threoninamideThe peptide chain in CI5H29N305 adopts an extended
conformation. The peptide unit is trans and shows significant
deviations from planarity. The crystal packing
enables neighbouring molecules to interact through
hydrogen bonding in an anti-parallel fashion.S. BanumathiD. VelmuruganE. SubramanianN. AshishRaghuvansh Kishore2013-10-17T04:29:46Z2015-01-07T10:06:01Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1352This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13522013-10-17T04:29:46ZTransport Protein(s) in Mycobacterial Drug ResistanceK Bhatt2012-01-03T16:49:00Z2012-03-29T07:19:40Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/337This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3372012-01-03T16:49:00ZRole of an ABC importer in mycobacterial drug resistance.Phosphate specific transporter (Pst) in bacteria is involved in phosphate transport. Pst is a multisubunit system which belongs to the ABC family of transporters. The import function of this transporter is known to be operative at media phosphate concentrations below the millimolar range. However, we found amplification of this transporter in a laboratory generated ciprofloxacin resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis colony (CIPr) which was grown in a condition when phosphate scavenging function of this operon was inoperative. Our results therefore argue the role of this ABC importer in conferring high level of fluoroquinolone resistance in CIPr.Pradip K ChakrabortiK BhattS K BanerjeeP Misra2012-01-03T16:48:25Z2015-01-09T11:39:59Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/333This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3332012-01-03T16:48:25ZFunction of the central domain of streptokinase in substrate plasminogen docking and processing revealed by site-directed mutagenesis.The possible role of the central beta-domain (residues 151-287) of streptokinase (SK) was probed by site-specifically altering two charged residues at a time to alanines in a region (residues 230-290) previously identified by Peptide Walking to play a key role in plasminogen (PG) activation. These mutants were then screened for altered ability to activate equimolar "partner" human PG, or altered interaction with substrate PG resulting in an overall compromised capability for substrate PG processing. Of the eight initial alanine-linker mutants of SK, one mutant, viz. SK(KK256.257AA) (SK-D1), showed a roughly 20-fold reduction in PG activator activity in comparison to wild-type SK expressed in Escherichia coli (nSK). Five other mutants were as active as nSK, with two [SK(RE248.249AA) and SK(EK281.282AA), referred to as SK(C) and SK(H), respectively] showing specific activities approximately one-half and two-thirds, respectively, that of nSK. Unlike SK(C) and SK(H), however, SK(D1) showed an extended initial delay in the kinetics of PG activation. These features were drastically accentuated when the charges on the two Lys residues at positions 256 and 257 of nSK were reversed, to obtain SK(KK256.257EE) [SK(D2)]. This mutant showed a PG activator activity approximately 10-fold less than that of SK(D1). Remarkably, inclusion of small amounts of human plasmin (PN) in the PG activation reactions of SK(D2) resulted in a dramatic, PN dose-dependent rejuvenation of its PG activation capability, indicating that it required pre-existing PN to form a functional activator since it could not effect active site exposure in partner PG on its own, a conclusion further confirmed by its inability to show a "burst" of p-nitrophenol release in the presence of equimolar human PG and p-nitrophenyl guanidino benzoate. The steady-state kinetic parameters for HPG activation of its 1:1 complex with human PN revealed that although it could form a highly functional activator once "supplied" with a mature active site, the Km for PG was increased nearly eightfold in comparison to that of nSK-PN. SK mutants carrying simultaneous two- and three-site charge-cluster alterations, viz., SK(RE24249AA:EK281.282AA) [SK(CH)], SK(EK272.273AA;EK281.282AA) [SK(FH)], and SK(RE248.249AA;EK272.273AA:EK281.282AA+ ++) [SK(CFH)], showed additive/synergistic influence of multiple charge-cluster mutations on HPG activation when compared to the respective "single-site" mutants, with the "triple-site" mutant [SK(CFH)] showing absolutely no detectable HPG activation ability. Nevertheless, like the other constructs, the double- and triple-charge cluster mutants retained a native like affinity for complexation with partner PG. Their overall structure also, as judged by far-ultraviolet circular dichroism, was closely similar to that of nSK. These results provide the first experimental evidence for a direct assistance by the SK beta-domain in the docking and processing of substrate PG by the activator complex, a facet not readily evident probably because of the flexibility of this domain in the recent X-ray crystal structure of the SK-plasmin light chain complex.A ChaudharyS VasudhaKammara RajagopalS S KomathN GargMahavir YadavS C MandeGirish Sahni2012-01-03T16:50:05Z2015-01-07T11:24:33Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/343This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3432012-01-03T16:50:05ZElevated growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATH1 null mutants on glucose is an artifact of nonmatching auxotrophies of mutant and reference strains.Yeast strains disrupted for ATH1, which encodes vacuolar acid trehalase, have been reported to grow to higher cell densities than reference strains. We showed that the increase in cell density is due to the URA3 gene introduced as a part of the disruption and concluded that the misinterpretation is a result of not using a control strain with matching auxotrophic markers.Rohini ChopraV M SharmaK Ganesan2012-01-30T17:55:13Z2015-01-09T11:17:57Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/797This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7972012-01-30T17:55:13ZApoptosis of Th1-like cells in experimental tuberculosis (TB)Th1 cell-induced anti-mycobacterial immunity is lost during a progressive Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a susceptible host. This study was designed to test the mechanism of the loss of anti-mycobacterial cell-mediated immune response. We demonstrate that M. tuberculosis infection results in increased Fas expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression in CD4+ T cells. When CD4+ T cells are stimulated in vitro, they show increased apoptosis and decreased production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) but not of IL-4. These changes may result in selective apoptosis of Th1-like cells, leading to the loss of cell-mediated immune response against M. tuberculosis.G DasH VohraB SahaJ N AgrewalaG C Mishra2012-01-02T17:25:23Z2015-01-07T05:44:55Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/347This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3472012-01-02T17:25:23ZStrain-specific recognition of live Leishmania donovani promastigotes by homologous antiserum raised against a crude membrane fraction of infected macrophages.Surface antigens on Leishmania promastigotes and infected macrophages are obvious targets in immunoprophylaxis for leishmanial infection. We have recently demonstrated that the polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies generated by homologous immunizations with the crude membranes of parasite-infected cells react effectively with the 'neo-antigenic' determinants on the infected cell surface. In the present study, we investigated the utility of such polyclonal antisera for identifying 'minor' surface components of promastigotes. The reactivity of anti-Leishmania donovani-(strain RMRI68) infected macrophage membrane (anti-IMm) antiserum was compared with that of anti-promastigote (anti-Pr) antiserum towards the infected macrophage surface and promastigotes of three Indian strains of L. (donovani, RMRI68, AG83 and DD8. While anti-Pr antiserum showed no reactivity with the infected macrophage surface but reacted strongly with air dried and live promastigotes of all three strains, anti-IMm antiserum reacted with the infected cell surface and, interestingly, specifically recognized live promastigotes of the strain used for infection, i.e., strain RMRI68. The reactivity patterns of the two antisera with the immunodominant components of the L. donovani promastigote surface, i.e., purified LPG-KMP11 complex and gp63 molecules, indicated that unlike anti-Pr antiserum, the specificities in anti-IMm antiserum were mainly directed towards molecules other than the LPG-KMP11 complex and gp63. Antiserum generated in a similar fashion against the macrophage membrane of cells infected in vitro with strain AG83 also contained antibodies specific to strain AG83 promastigotes. The present approach may therefore greatly help in identifying specific antigen(s) important in clinical and epidemiological control of leishmaniasis.A GoelH VohraGrish C Varshney2012-01-31T08:43:07Z2012-01-31T08:43:07Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/815This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8152012-01-31T08:43:07ZProposing T-independent B-cell activation by prion rods. Could disease result from 'chaperoning' of nascent prions by PrPsc-cognate immunoglobulins?Purnananda Guptasarma2013-10-17T05:40:38Z2013-10-17T05:40:38Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1354This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13542013-10-17T05:40:38ZHost-Cell Actin Cytoskeleton Interactions With Viral Proteins During Viral InfectionMatloob Husain2012-01-03T16:49:22Z2012-03-28T09:10:27Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/339This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3392012-01-03T16:49:22ZRestoration of inositol prototrophy in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.The biosynthesis of inositol requires only two enzymes, inositol-1-phosphate synthase (encoded by INO1) and an inositol monophosphatase, but the regulation of inositol biosynthesis is under multiple controls and is exquisitely regulated. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutations in any of 26 different genes lead to inositol auxotrophy. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, however, is a natural inositol auxotroph. An investigation has been initiated to examine the possible reasons that might have led to inositol auxotrophy in Sch. pombe. Complementation with a genomic library of an inositol prototrophic yeast indicated that a Pichia pastoris INO1 gene alone could confer inositol prototrophy to Sch. pombe and that the gene was absent in Sch. pombe. To investigate possible reasons for the loss of INO1 gene in Sch. pombe, an attempt was made to disrupt inositol homeostasis in Sch. pombe by overproduction of intracellular inositol, but this did not lead to any discernible adverse effects. The sources of inositol in the natural environment of Sch. pombe were also examined. As the natural environment of Sch. pombe contains significant amounts of phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate), an investigation was carried out and it was discovered that Sch. pombe can utilize phytic acid as a source of inositol under very specific conditions.S S IngavaleAnand K Bachhawat2012-01-08T05:45:34Z2015-01-07T06:17:33Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/201This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/2012012-01-08T05:45:34ZStudies on alkaline protease produced by Bacillus sp. NG312.An alkalophilic hyperproducer of alkaline protease, Bacillus sp. NG312, was isolated, and the enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 11.0 and 60 degrees C. The temperature optimum was increased by 10 degrees C in presence of Ca2+. The crude enzyme was found to have half-life of 11 d at 37 degrees C and maximum stability at pH 9.0-10.0. It also exhibited very good stability in presence of detergent components and some locally available commercial detergent powders.S JasvirN GillG DevasahayamDebendra K Sahoo2012-01-03T16:50:27Z2015-01-07T05:58:16Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/345This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3452012-01-03T16:50:27ZLocalization of DnaK and GroEL in Vibrio cholerae.Though the GroEL and DnaK heat shock proteins are well characterized in prokaryotes, only scanty and controversial information exist about their cellular localization. In the present study, the localization of the heat shock proteins DnaK and GroEL in normal and heat shocked cells of Vibrio cholerae, was investigated both by immunogold labeling of ultrathin sections and biochemical methods. Much of the DnaK was found to be localized at the inner membrane in unstressed cells, most probably at the Bayer's adhesion sites. Data suggested that upon heat shock, the DnaK associated with the membrane continued to remain there, but the newly synthesized DnaK appeared mostly in the cytoplasm. GroEL in both stressed and unstressed cells was found mainly in the cytoplasm.J JyotJ K GautamManoj RajeA Ghosh2012-01-03T16:50:14Z2012-03-28T09:11:12Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/344This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3442012-01-03T16:50:14ZThe yeast multidrug resistance pump, Pdr5p, confers reduced drug resistance in erg mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bearing lesions in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway exhibit a pleiotropic drug-sensitive phenotype. This has been reported to result from an increased permeability of the membranes of the mutant strains to different drugs. As disruption of the yeast multidrug resistance protein, Pdr5p, results in a similar pleiotropic drug-sensitive phenotype, the possibility that Pdr5p may be functioning with a reduced efficiency in these altered sterol backgrounds was examined. To do this, the function of Pdr5p in isogenic strains of S. cerevisiae that have disruptions in the late stages of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway (ERG6, ERG2, ERG3, ERG4) was studied. A reduced ability of Pdr5p to confer resistance to different drugs in these strains was observed, which did not appear to be dependent solely on the permeability of the membrane towards the drug. A simultaneous examination was made of how the lipid composition might be altering the efficiency of Pdr5p by similar studies in strains lacking phosphatidylserine synthase (encoded by CHO1). The results indicated that the drug sensitivity of the erg strains is, to a significant extent, a result of the reduced efficiency of the Pdr5p efflux pump, and that the membrane environment plays an important role in determining the drug resistance conferred by Pdr5p.R KaurAnand K Bachhawat2012-01-31T08:42:56Z2015-07-22T03:57:52Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/817This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8172012-01-31T08:42:56ZTheoretical study of conformational flexibility of tuftsin in vacuum and in aqueous environment.Conformational flexibility of tuftsin molecule is studied using all-atom based atom-atom potential and systematic search, simulated annealing molecular dynamics (SAMD) and molecular dynamics (MD) techniques. Latter was carried out for 650 pico seconds (ps) using AMBER 4.0 with explicit water in TIP3P model. Number of inter-atomic distances and torsional angles were monitored during SAMD and MD simulation. We found that tuftsin molecule, irrespective of any starting conformation, assumes highly folded structure with strong electrostatic interaction between Lys-2 NH3 and Arg-4 carboxylic group and weak hydrogen bond between Lys-2 CO and Arg-4 NH atoms. It had distorted but stable conformation close to inverse gamma turn.V KothekarAshish GangulyD GuptaRaghuvansh Kishore2012-01-04T15:00:55Z2012-04-10T11:51:54Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/313This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3132012-01-04T15:00:55ZEffect of the alpha-methyl substituent on chemoselectivity in esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of S-acetyl sulfanylalkanoates.The isomeric compounds 1 and 3, which differ only in the position of a methyl substituent, give opposite chemoselectivities in an esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction. The esterase was chemoselective for the oxoester in 1, but for the thiol ester group in 3. A high enantioselectivity was observed for both 1 and 3.Ish KumarR S Jolly2012-01-31T08:42:18Z2012-01-31T08:42:18Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/822This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8222012-01-31T08:42:18ZReduction of gentian violet dye by Kurthia sp. and evaluation of toxicity.R. KumarR S JollyU C Banerjee2012-01-03T16:49:55Z2013-01-17T04:42:11Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/342This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3422012-01-03T16:49:55ZBridge-overlap-extension PCR method for constructing chimeric genes.Raj KumarJ Singh2012-01-03T16:48:52Z2015-01-08T10:01:06Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/336This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3362012-01-03T16:48:52ZHydrophobic dye inhibits aggregation of molten carbonic anhydrase during thermal unfolding and refolding.Association-seeking surfaces on partially structured polypeptides can participate in interactions that are either intramolecular (folding related) or intermolecular (aggregative). During heat shock, intermolecular associations leading to aggregation are prevented through the binding of such surfaces by chaperones of the Hsp20 family (with Hsp70 later effecting release and refolding). Here we report that the hydrophobic dye, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), mimics the function of the chaperones in its interactions with molten carbonic anhydrase (CA). At 150-fold molar excess of dye over protein, heat-induced aggregation of CA is almost completely inhibited by binding of ANS to solvent-exposed clusters of nonpolar residues. After exposure of ANS-containing protein solutions to temperatures as high as 95 degrees C, refolded CA can be recovered through cooling and dialysis, with no accompanying aggregation. This apparent mimicking of chaperone activity by a small dye opens up new approaches to understanding and manipulating protein aggregation.Bishwajit KunduPurnananda Guptasarma2012-01-31T08:42:39Z2012-03-29T06:40:02Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/820This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8202012-01-31T08:42:39ZBiosurfactant production by microorganisms on unconventional carbon sourcesIn recent years natural biosurfactants have attracted
attention because of their low toxicity, biodegradability,
and ecological acceptability. However, for reasons of functionality and production cost, they are not competitive with chemical surfactants. Use of inexpensive substrates can drastically decrease the production cost of biosurfactants. This review describes the use of unconventional carbon sources for biosurfactant production. These sources include urban as well as agroindustrial wastes. With suitable engineering and microbiological
modifications, these wastes can be used as substrates
for large-scale production of biosurfactants.
Paper no. S1084 in JSD 2, 237–241 (April 1999).R S MakkarSwaranjit Singh Cameotra2012-01-31T08:42:30Z2015-01-08T10:34:12Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/821This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8212012-01-31T08:42:30ZStructural characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis at 45°CStructural and biochemical characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis under thermophilic conditions was performed. Preliminary structural determination of CHCl3/CH3OH (65∶15) extracts by thin-layer chromatographic reagents showed it to be identical to surfactin. Also, the infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy analysis confirmed it to be identical to surfactin. Biochemically, the surfactant was a lipopeptide-containing lipid (17.05%) and protein (13.2%). The surfactant yielded a minimal aqueous surface-tension value of 28 dyne/cm and an interfacial tension value at 0.1% concentration of 0.2 dyne/cm against diesel oil. The critical micelle concentration of the surfactant was 35 mg/L. The biosurfactant exhibited an emulsification value (E 24) of 90 against diesel oil and a sand-pack oil recovery of 62%. It has potential application in microbial-enhanced oil recovery in thermophilic, alkaline, acidic, and halophilic environmentsR S MakkarSwaranjit Singh Cameotra2013-10-17T06:34:50Z2013-10-17T06:34:50Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1362This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13622013-10-17T06:34:50ZMolecular Cloning and High Level Expression of Native and Modified Growth Hormone Genes From Animals of Veterinary ImportanceUtpal Kumar Mukhopadhyay2012-01-31T12:30:26Z2012-01-31T12:30:26Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/827This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8272012-01-31T12:30:26ZLife form patenting: A case for setting up International Deposi-tary Authorities in India.Kumar Naresh2012-01-31T08:43:39Z2015-01-09T10:58:45Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/810This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8102012-01-31T08:43:39ZImproved stability and expression of a recombinant shuttle plasmid in Escherichia coli during fedbatch cultivation.The effect of higher cell densities on the expression and segregational stability of a recombinant E. coli- B. subtilisshuttle plasmid coding for carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activity, was studied in E. coli DH5. Of the various feeding policies adopted for maximal expression and stability, exponential feeding resulted in the highest biomass of 15g dry cell weight (DCW) l–1 and plasmid stability of 45%. A CMCase activity of 11400 Uml–1 was achieved as compared to 230 Uml–1 during batch cultivation. In the case of other feeding strategies viz., constant feeding, linear feeding or intermittent feeding, the plasmid stability varied between 20% to 60%. Biomass achieved ranged from 5.0 g DCW l–1 to 9.0 g DCW l–1 and enzyme activities were between 2550 Uml–1 and 6000 Uml–1.D.P. NayakV V Vyas2012-01-06T14:56:22Z2012-01-06T14:56:22Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/228This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/2282012-01-06T14:56:22ZApplications of neural networks to recovery of biological products.Artificial neural networks (ANN) are being applied to recovery of products from fermentation broths. Recovery methods for which mathematical models are complex or non-existent are particularly suitable for control and analysis by ANNs. Use and potential of artificial neural networks for product recovery applications are reviewed.P R Patnaik2012-01-31T12:30:17Z2015-01-09T10:31:14Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/828This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8282012-01-31T12:30:17ZBistability of Stationary States During Competition between Plasmid-Bearing and Plasmid-Free Cells under Selection PressureFeasibility and stability analyses have been carried out for the stationary states of a chemostat with recombinant microorganisms. In the absence of selection pressure, only a null state is possible, as expected. With selection pressure exerted by an antibiotic, either of two states may exist, according to the combination of dilution rate and inlet concentration. This is true for yeasts (S. cerevisiae) as well as bacteria (E. coli). However, too strong an antibiotic concentration kills all plasmid-free cells, thereby disallowing a non-trivial stationary state. Accounting for variation of the plasmid loss probability with the specific growth rate increases the stability regions. This is also possible by allowing a higher rate of segregational plasmid loss, implying that genetic stability may have to be balanced against reactor stability.P R Patnaik2012-01-31T08:43:25Z2015-01-09T10:31:57Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/813This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8132012-01-31T08:43:25ZCoupling of a neural filter and a neural controller for improve-ment of fermentation performanceThe noise associated with fermentation processes is normally minimised by a filtering technique. However, sometimes
the noise may be beneficial if it is properly regulated. For recombinant �-galactosidase production in a
fed-batch fermentation subject to Gaussian disturbances, it is shown that a neural network trained to act as a noise
filter can allow disturbances of only a particular variance which maximizes �-galactosidase synthesis. By coupling
such a filter with a neural controller, the productivity may be enhanced beyond what is possible with static filtering and either proportional-integral-derivative or neural control.P R Patnaik2012-01-31T08:42:46Z2014-03-31T08:33:27Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/819This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8192012-01-31T08:42:46ZFractal analysis of a recombinant fermentation with imperfect mixing and disturbances.To optimise the performance of a recombinant fermentation under realistic conditions, it is important to understand how it is affected by non-idealities. This study proposes a fractal approach. From the time-domain profiles of key concentrations in a feed-batch fermentation, fractal dimensions have been computed. They serve as indicators of the effects of imperfect mixing and disturbances. Fractal dimensions are applicable to both intra- and extra-cellular variables, and include information on the internal metabolism and its interactions with the extra-cellular environment. P R Patnaik2012-01-30T17:53:25Z2015-01-09T10:32:41Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/804This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8042012-01-30T17:53:25ZImprovement of the microbial production of streptokinase by controlled filtering of process noiseDisturbances during operation are an ubiquitous feature of large-scale fermentations. This kind of process noise is often describable by a Gaussian distribution and is considered undesirable but unavoidable. In this paper, the fed-batch production of streptokinase (SK) was studied when such disturbances occurred in the inflow rate of the substrate. As the variance of the noise increased upto 6% of the instantaneous value of the flowrate, there was a gradual improvement in the SK activity, after which the activity decreased for larger variances. The peak activity (10 850 U/ml) was 22% higher than for a smooth noise-free feed. Similar earlier observations for β-galactosidase and β-lactamase suggest that normal disturbances may be harnessed to enhance fermentation efficiency by filtering them such that they are maintained within an optimal range.P R Patnaik2012-01-31T12:30:01Z2015-01-12T04:22:28Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/829This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8292012-01-31T12:30:01ZNeural control of an imperfectly mixed fed-batch bioreactor for recombinant β-galactosidaseThe production of β-galactosidase in fed-batch fermentation by a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli was studied for on-line optimization by PID control and by an artificial neural network (ANN). The process was represented by an Elman ANN and the controller by a feed-forward network. Based on earlier work, the fermentation was carried out below a threshold temperature in an imperfectly mixed bioreactor. To mimic an industrial situation, data generated by a deterministic model were corrupted by adding 10% Gaussian noise. For dynamic optimal performance, the controller adjusted the mixing characteristics for each sampling interval on the basis of data for the previous interval. Application of neural control increased the maximum attainable concentration of β-galactosidase by 23.8% per gram of cell mass and by 51.1% per unit volume of the broth, compared with the uncontrolled fermentation; corresponding increases with adaptive PID control were 8.1% and 17.7%, respectively.P R Patnaik2012-01-30T17:53:41Z2015-01-12T04:23:04Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/803This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8032012-01-30T17:53:41ZPenicillin fermentation revisited: a topological analysis of kinetic multiplicityThe microbial production of penicillin has been described by different kinetic mechanisms. Even though identification of the most plausible mechanism is important for fermentation optimization, the closeness of the concentration profiles from different mechanisms in fed-batch operation makes it difficult to discriminate by equation-based methods. In this study, the method of species-complex linkage (SCL) graphs has been applied to five commonly reported mechanisms. By carrying out the fermentations in continuous mode under prescribed conditions, it is possible to discriminate among the mechanisms according to uniqueness or multiplicity of steady states. The SCL graph method requires much less computation than equation-based methods and can readily be applied even to complex networks of reactionsP R Patnaik2012-01-31T08:43:02Z2015-01-09T09:52:34Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/816This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8162012-01-31T08:43:02ZPlasmid stability analysis in a non-homogeneous bioreactor for a recombinant fed-batch fermentationFed-batch fermentation for tryptophan synthetase by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain has been analyzed through a model incorporating segregational loss of the plasmid pPLc23trpAl and imperfect macromixing of the broth. These features become significant in large fermentation vessels, where fluid circulation in the bioreactor influences the rates of cell growth and productivity. A simple model consisting of two interacting reactors describes the degree of macromixing, which is characterized by the respective (internal) dilution rates. Controlled imperfect macromixing is superior to other methods in arresting, and even reversing, the normal decline in the concentration of recombinant cells, thereby providing a method to exploit the non-homogeneity of the broth in large bioreactors. Some physical implications are discussed.
On a analysé la fermentation en alimentation discontinue pour la synthetase de tryptophan par une souche de Escherichia coli recombinante au moyen d'un modèle incorporant la perte ségrégationnelle du plasmide pPLc23trppAI et le macromélange imparfait du bouillon. Ces caractéristiques deviennent significatives dans les réservoirs de fermentation de grande taille, o-la circulation des fluides dans le bioréacteur influence la vitesse de croissance et la productivité des cellules. Un modèle simple composé de deux réacteurs qui interagissent décrit le degré de macromélange, qui est caractérisé par les vitesses de dilution respectives (internes). Le macromélange imparfait contrôlé est supérieur à celui d'autres méthodes pour stopper, et même inverser, le déclin normal dans la concentration de cellules recombinantes, ce qui fournit une méthode pour exploiter la non-homogénéité du bouillon dans les grands bioréacteurs. Certaines implications physiques sont analysées.
P R Patnaik2012-02-02T16:30:33Z2012-02-02T16:30:33Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/853This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8532012-02-02T16:30:33ZPlasmid stability analysis in a non-homogeneous bioreactor for a recombinant fed-batch fermentationmodel incorporating segregational loss of the plasmid pPLc23rrpAl and imperfect macromixing of the broth. These
features become significant in large fermentation vessels, where fluid circulation in the bioreactor influences the rates of
cell growth and productivity. A simple model consisting of two interacting reactors describes the degree of macromixing,
which is characterized by the respective (internal) dilution rates. Controlled imperfect macromixing is superior to other
methods in arresting, and even reversing, the normal decline in the concentration of recombinant cells, thereby providing
a method to exploit the non-homogeneity of the broth in large bioreactors. Some physical implications are discussed.
On a analyst la fermentation en alimentation discontinue pour la synthttase de tryptophan par une souche de
Escherichia coli recombinante au moyen d’un modkle incorporant la perte stgrkgationnelle du plasmide pPLc23ttpA I
et le macromklange imparfait du bouillon. Ces caracttristiques deviennent significatives dans les rtservoirs de fermentation
de grande taille, oh la circulation des fluides dans le biorkacteur influence la vitesse de croissance et la productivitt
des cellules. Un modble simple composk de deux rtacteurs qui interagissent dtcrit le degrt de macromtlange, qui est
caracttrisk par les vitesses de dilution respectives (internes). Le macromklange imparfait contr6lk est suptrieur ?I celui
d’autres mtthodes pour stopper, et m&me inverser, le dkclin normal dans la concentration de cellules recombinantes, ce
qui fournit une mtthode pour exploiter la non-homogkntitt du bouillon dans les grands biortacteurs. Certaines implications
physiques sont analyskes.P R Patnaik2012-01-31T08:42:50Z2015-01-12T04:10:10Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/818This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8182012-01-31T08:42:50ZReactive extraction with liquid emulsion membranes: The finite reaction zone conceptAbstract For three-phase liquid emulsion membranes, a reaction zone model is derived on the basis of the known reaction front model. Differences between the two are discussed in terms of the concepts and some results. The reaction zone model is more generally valid and it simplifies to the earlier model under appropriate conditions.
P R Patnaik2012-01-31T08:44:17Z2015-01-12T04:10:47Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/807This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8072012-01-31T08:44:17ZSpectral analysis of a nonideal bioreactor for a recombinant fermentation with run-away plasmidsAn earlier application of spectral analysis to an isothermal, perfectly mixed, fed-batch fermentation [11] showed that it provides insight into the performance and reveals significant differences between key extra-cellular and intra-cellular (recombinant) variables. To enable application on a practically useful scale, the methodology has been extended to a bioreactor with temperature variation, incomplete mixing of the broth and Gaussian disturbances. For the same system, #-galactosidase produced by a recombinant E. coli strain, there are again differences between the rDNA and its protein, on the one hand, and the concentration and mass fraction of recombinant cells, on the other. For certain combinations of the dilution rate and the degrees of mixing, the bioreactor is only marginally stable, implying that a sufficiently large disturbance can trigger unstable behavior.
P R Patnaik2012-01-31T08:44:03Z2015-01-12T04:11:46Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/808This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8082012-01-31T08:44:03ZTransient sensitivity analysis of a cybernetic model of microbial growth on two substratesWhen a microbe has a choice of two substrates for its growth in a fermentation medium, its preference varies with the substrates and with time. This "informed" choice is conveniently expressed by cybernetic models. For the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca in a medium of glucose and lactose, a one-parameter cybernetic model of growth has been employed in a batch bioreactor to analyse sensitivity of the fermentation to perturbations in the parameter, ! (0 h ! h 1). The sensitivity surfaces in the (!-time) space show interesting variations which are discussed. An important observation is that while growth is best promoted with !=1, i.e. sequential consumption of the substrates [8], low sensitivities require smaller values of !, i.e. simultaneous utilisation. Thus, in a realistic operation it may be necessary to compromise between high growth (with subsequent high productivity) and low sensitivity.
P R Patnaik2012-01-30T17:53:56Z2012-04-10T12:04:50Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/801This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8012012-01-30T17:53:56ZRole of centrally administered melatonin and inhibitors of COX and NOS in LPS-induced hyperthermia and adipsia. Prostaglan. Leuko. Ess. In the present study we have examined the effect of centrally administered non-steroidal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAIDS), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor and melatonin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-
induced hyperthermia and its anti-dipsogenic effect. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of LPS
(100–200 ng/rat) induces a dose dependent elevation in body temperature and decreases water consumption in 24 h
water deprived rats. Coadministration of NSAIDS (indomethacin and nimesulide: 10 nM/rat each) with LPS (100 ng)
reversed, whereas NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME: 10–20 mg/rat) enhanced LPS-induced
hyperthermia. In contrast L-NAME reversed the LPS-induced anti-dipsogenic effect in a dose dependent manner,
whereas NSAIDS showed no change in the effect of LPS. Further, centrally administered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2,
0.5–1 mg/rat) produced hyperthermia without affecting the drinking behavior, suggesting that two independent
mechanisms operate in LPS-induced hyperthermia and in the anti-dipsogenic effect. The pineal hormone melatonin is
known to inhibit cellular damage caused by LPS, produced dose dependent (5–10 nM.icv) inhibition of LPS-induced
hyperthermia and adipsia, but failed to reverse the PGE2-induced hyperthermia, shows reversal of LPS-induced
hyperthermia by melatonin is due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis rather than antagonism of prostaglandin
action. The overall study reveals that inhibition of both NO and prostaglandin production by melatonin might be
responsible for its reversal of LPS-induced hyperthermia and adipsia.V. RaghvavendraJ N AgrewalaS K Kulkarni2012-01-03T16:50:40Z2012-03-29T07:20:29Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/346This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3462012-01-03T16:50:40ZSynergistic activation of yeast-expressed rat androgen receptor by modulators of protein kinase-A.We have employed a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) based rat androgen receptor expression system to examine the cross-talk between different signalling pathways. We report here the synergistic modulation of androgen regulated transcriptional activation of beta-galactosidase reporter activity by the activators of protein kinase-A, like forskolin and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP. A similar ligand-dependent enhancement of reporter activity compared to a DHT treated control has been noticed with okadaic acid, which is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase. The activation could be blocked by protein kinase-A/C inhibitor, H7. Forskolin treatment neither altered levels of receptor mRNA nor [3H]R1881 binding to the receptor. Although it promotes binding of receptor to an androgen response element, forskolin was unable to activate subsequent interaction with the transcription machinery in the absence of androgen. Additionally, the synergistic actions of these activators were independent of the degree of androgen response element occupancy. Anti-androgens, cyproterone acetate and flutamide, which failed to exhibit antagonistic behaviour with yeast expressed receptor, were able to antagonize only the forskolin mediated augmentation of reporter activity. Finally, analyses of mutants established the role of DNA and steroid binding domains of receptor for this synergism.S RanaD BishtPradip K Chakraborti2012-01-03T16:48:17Z2012-03-29T07:17:28Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/332This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3322012-01-03T16:48:17ZDegradation of phenanthrene by different bacteria: evidence for novel transformation sequences involving the formation of 1-naphthol.Four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria, namely Arthrobacter sulphureus RKJ4, Acidovorax delafieldii P4-1, Brevibacterium sp. HL4 and Pseudomonas sp. DLC-P11, capable of utilizing phenanthrene as the sole source of carbon and energy, were tested for its degradation using radiolabelled phenanthrene. [9-14C]Phenanthrene was incubated with microorganisms containing 100 mg/l unlabelled phenanthrene and the evolution of 14CO2 was monitored: within 18 h of incubation, 30.1, 35.6, 26.5 and 2.1% of the recovered radiolabelled carbon was degraded to 14CO2 by RKJ4, P4-1, HL4 and DLC-P11, respectively. When mixtures of other PAHs such as fluorene, fluoranthene and pyrene, in addition to phenanthrene, were added as additional carbon sources, there was a 36.1 and 20.6% increase in 14CO2 production from [9-14C]phenanthrene in the cases of RKJ4 and HL4, respectively, whereas P4-1 and DLC-P11 did not show any enhancement in 14CO2 production. Although, a combination of many bacteria enhances the degradation of organic compounds, no enhancement in the degradation of [9-14C]phenanthrene was observed in mixed culture involving all four microorganisms together. However, when different PAHs, as indicated above, were used in mixed culture, there was a 68.2% increase in 14CO2 production. In another experiment, the overall growth rate of P4-1 on phenanthrene could be enhanced by adding the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100, whereas RKJ4, HL4 and DLC-P11 did not show any enhancement in growth. Pathways for phenanthrene degradation were also analysed by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Common intermediates such as o-phthalic acid and protocatechuic acid were detected in the case of RKJ4 and o-phthalic acid was detected in the case of P4-1. A new intermediate, 1-naphthol, was detected in the cases of HL4 and DLC-P11. HL4 degrades phenanthrene via 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 1-naphthol and salicylic acid, whereas DLC-P11 degrades phenanthrene via the formation of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 1-naphthol and o-phthalic acid. Both transformation sequences are novel and have not been previously reported in the literature. Mega plasmids were found to be present in RKJ4, HL4 and DLC-P11, but their involvement in phenanthrene degradation could not be established.S K SamantaAsit K ChakrabortiR K Jain2012-01-31T12:31:27Z2012-01-31T12:31:27Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/823This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8232012-01-31T12:31:27ZDecolorization of Acid Green 20, a textile dye by white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium in low cost medium.R K SaniU C Banerjee2012-01-30T17:54:36Z2015-01-09T11:27:08Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/800This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8002012-01-30T17:54:36ZDecolorization of triphenylmethane dyes and textile and dye-stuff effluent by Kurthia sp.A number of soil and water samples were collected from the vicinity of effluent treatment plant of a textile and dyeing industry. Several organisms were screened for their ability to decolorize triphenylmethane group of dyes. A Kurthia sp. was selected on the basis of rapid dye decolorizing activity. Under aerobic conditions, 98% color was removed intracellularly by this strain. A number of triphenylmethane dyes, such as magenta, crystal violet, pararosaniline, brilliant green, malachite green, ethyl violet and textile and dyestuff effluent used in this study. The rates of decolorization of magenta (92%), crystal violet (96%), malachite green (96%), pararosaniline (100%) and brilliant green (100%) were found to be more than that of ethyl violet (8%). After the decolorization of most of the dyes, viable cell concentration of the Kurthia sp. reduced significantly. In the case of ethyl violet, viable cell concentration was almost negligible after decolorization. The extent of decolorization of synthetic effluent (98%) was more in comparison to textile and dye-stuff effluent (56%). After biotransformation, the extent of COD reduction of the cell free extracts of triphenylmethane dyes was higher (more than 88%, except in the case of ethyl violet, 70%) in comparison to textile and dye-stuff effluent.R K SaniU C Banerjee2012-01-31T12:31:12Z2012-01-31T12:31:12Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/824This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8242012-01-31T12:31:12ZScreening of organisms applicable to the decolorization of tri-phenylmethane dyes and optimization of biotransformation condi-tions in stirred tank reactorR K SaniU C Banerjee2012-01-04T14:58:32Z2012-01-04T14:58:33Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/307This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3072012-01-04T14:58:32ZCharacterization and some reaction-engineering aspects of thermostable extracellular beta-galactosidase from a new Bacillus species.A new strain of Bacillus sp. was isolated from a hot water spring in India. This strain generated a high activity of extracellular beta-galactosidase at 37 degrees C in shake flasks. The beta-galactosidase activity was found to increase continuously but the production rate was slower than with some other organisms reported in the literature. There were noteworthy differences in the time-domain profiles of bacterial concentration and beta-galactosidase activity when the starting concentration of substrate (glucose) was tripled from 10 g/L. These differences may be explained in terms of the relative rates of enzyme synthesis and its diffusion across the cell wall. The enzyme produced by this organism is more stable than other beta-galactosidases; its half-life is 408 h at 50 degrees C and 94 h at 55 degrees C, while the reported enzymes showed perceptible loss of activity within 2 h.R K SaniS ChakrabortiR C SobtiP R PatnaikU C Banerjee2012-01-31T12:30:33Z2012-01-31T12:30:33Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/826This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8262012-01-31T12:30:33ZReduction of gentain violet to leucogentian violet by Kurthia sp. and assessment of toxicityR K SaniR S JollyU C Banerjee2012-01-30T17:55:53Z2015-01-07T05:59:33Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/793This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7932012-01-30T17:55:53ZHemoglobin endocytosis in Leishmania is mediated through a 46-kDa protein located in the flagellar pocket.Four lines of evidence indicate that a specific high affinity binding site on the surface of Leishmania donovani promastigotes mediates rapid internalization and degradation of hemoglobin. 1) Binding and uptake of 125I-hemoglobin by Leishmania followed saturation kinetics and were competed by unlabeled hemoglobin but not by globin or hemin or other heme- or iron-containing proteins. 2) Immunogold labeling studies revealed that, at 4 degreesC, hemoglobin binding was localized in the flagellar pocket of the promastigotes. Indirect immunofluorescence assays showed that, at 37 degreesC, the bound hemoglobin in such cells entered an endocytic compartment within 2 min and dispersed throughout the cell body by 15 min. 3) After incubation with hemoglobin-gold conjugates at 25 degreesC or 37 degreesC, the particles accumulated in discrete intracellular vesicles. 4) A single biotinylated protein of 46 kDa was revealed when solubilized membranes from surface biotinylated intact Leishmania adsorbed by hemoglobin-agarose beads were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with avidin-horseradish peroxidase. Considered together, these data indicate that this 46-kDa protein on the cell surface of L. donovani promastigotes mediates the binding of hemoglobin and its rapid internalization through a vesicular pathway characteristic of receptor-mediated endocytosis.S SenguptaJ TripathiR TandonManoj RajeR P RoyS K BasuA Mukhopadhyay2012-01-31T08:43:18Z2012-01-31T08:43:18Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/814This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8142012-01-31T08:43:18ZMating type switching in fission yeast- A unique model for dev-lopment & differentiationJagmohan Singh2012-01-31T08:44:24Z2015-01-09T10:49:18Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/806This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/8062012-01-31T08:44:24ZAlkaline protease from a new obligate alkalophilic isolate of Bacillus sphaericusAn obligate alkalophilic Bacillus sphaericus strain, isolated from alkaline soils in the Himalaya, produced an
extracellular protease which was optimally active at 50–55 �C and pH 10.5. The enzyme was stable in presence
of 500 mg chlorine lJasvir SinghR M VohraDebendra K Sahoo2012-01-03T16:49:12Z2015-01-09T11:13:51Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/338This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3382012-01-03T16:49:12ZConserved structural features and sequence patterns in the GroES fold family.An irregular, all beta-class of proteins, comprising members of the chaperonin-10, quinone oxidoreductase, glucose dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase families has earlier been classified as the GroES fold. In this communication, we present an extensive analysis of sequences and three dimensional structures of proteins belonging to this family. The individual protein structures can be superposed within 1.6 A for more than 60 structurally equivalent residues. The comparisons show a highly conserved hydrophobic core and conservation of a few key residues. A glycyl-aspartate dipeptide is suggested as being critical for the maintenance of the GroES fold. One of the surprising findings of the study is the non-conservative nature of Ile to Leu mutations in the protein core, although Ile to Val mutations are found to occur frequently.Bhupesh TanejaS C Mande2012-01-30T17:55:04Z2015-01-09T11:10:34Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/798This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7982012-01-30T17:55:04ZAn all-anti conformation of the β-ala moiety in the crystalline stateIn marked contrast to the most favourable folded conformation, predicted from ab initio quantum mechanical calculations, the crystal structure analysis of the model system incorporating CONHCH2CH2CONH moiety, revealed the existence of an all-anti conformation, characterized by the backbone torsion angles: φ ≈ −146°, μ ≈ 172° and ψ ≈ 155°. Potential applications of the residue to form highly ordered, novel β-sheet like structure(s) with distinct faces have been suggested.A K ThakurRaghuvansh Kishore2012-01-30T17:55:24Z2015-07-22T03:58:38Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/796This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7962012-01-30T17:55:24ZNovel hydrogen bonding ring motifs in a model peptide: crystal and molecular conformationThe crystal molecular structure of a model peptide, Boc-Ile-Thr-NH2, unexpectedly revealed two unusual intramolecularly hydrogen bonded ring motifs, i.e. an intraresidue main-chain to main-chain interaction (Ni–H‥OCi) and an interresidue ‘newly discovered’ side-chain to main-chain interaction (Ni–H‥OiγThr), across a polar proteinogenic residueAshwani K. ThakurAshish GangulyRaghuvansh Kishore2012-01-03T16:49:45Z2012-01-03T16:49:45Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/341This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/3412012-01-03T16:49:45ZConstruction of a recombinant live oral vaccine from a non-toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype inaba biotype E1 Tor and assessment of its reactogenicity and immunogenicity in the rabbit model.The disease cholera is an important cause of mortality in many developing countries. Though it can be controlled through improved sanitation, this goal is not easily attainable in many countries. Development of an efficacious vaccine offers the best immediate solution. A new oral candidate vaccine has been constructed from a non-toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor, Inaba, which is not only devoid of the cholera toxin (CT) virulence cassette but also is completely non-reactogenic in rabbit ileal loop assay. The strain, however, had toxR and tcpA genes. Through a series of manipulations, the ctxB gene of V. cholerae, responsible for the production of the 'B' subunit of the cholera toxin (CTB) was introduced into the cryptic hemolysin locus of the strain. The resulting strain, named vaccine attempt 1.3 (VA1.3), was found to be able to produce copious amounts of CTB. In the RITARD model this strain was found to be non-reactogenic and provided full protection against the challenge doses of both V. cholerae O1, classical and E1 Tor. In the immunized rabbit it invoked significant levels of anti-bacterial and anti-toxin immunity.M ThungapathraC SharmaN GuptaR K GhoshA MukhopadhyayH KoleyG B NairA Ghosh2012-01-30T17:55:34Z2015-01-07T04:22:15Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/795This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/7952012-01-30T17:55:34ZPurification and characterization of novel toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae O1.Vibrio cholerae WO7 (serogroup O1) isolated from patients with diarrhea produces an extracellular toxin despite the absence of ctx, zot, and ace genes from its genome. The toxin elongates Chinese hamster ovary cells, produces fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops, and agglutinates freshly isolated rabbit erythrocytes. Maximal production of this toxin (WO7 toxin) was seen in AKI medium with the pH adjusted to 8.5 at 37 degrees C under shaking conditions. We purified this toxin to homogeneity by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography using a fetuin-Sepharose CL-4B column, and gel filtration chromatography, which increased the specific activity of the toxin by 1.6 x 10(6)-fold. The toxin is heat labile and sensitive to proteases and has a subunit structure consisting of two subunits with molecular masses of about 58 and 40 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Agglutination of GM1-coated sheep erythrocytes by toxin suggests that GM1 might be the physiologic receptor for WO7 toxin on the enterocytes. An immunodiffusion test between the antiserum raised against the purified WO7 toxin and the purified toxin gave a well-defined precipitation band. In the immunoblot assay, two bands were observed in the 58- and 40-kDa region. At the same time, antiserum against WO7 toxin failed to show any cross-reactivity with cholera toxin or Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT1) in an immunodiffusion test or immunoblot assay. The enterotoxic activity of WO7 toxin could be inhibited by antiserum against purified WO7 toxin. Our results indicate that WO7 toxin is structurally and functionally distinct from other cholera toxins and that the enterotoxic activities expressed by WO7 toxin appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of disease associated with V. cholerae O1 strains.K WaliaS GhoshH SinghG B NairA GhoshGirish SahniH VohraN K Ganguly2013-10-17T06:45:32Z2013-10-17T06:45:32Zhttp://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/1364This item is in the repository with the URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/13642013-10-17T06:45:32ZConstruction of Novel Streptokinase Derivatives with Enhanced Fibrin SpecificityMahavir Yadav