PolysacDB: A comprehensive database of microbial polysaccharide antigens and their antibodies

PolysacDB: A comprehensive database of microbial polysaccharide antigens and their antibodies

Citation: Aithal A, Sharma A, Joshi S, Raghava GPS, Varshney GC (2012) PolysacDB: A Database of Microbial Polysaccharide Antigens and Their Antibodies. PLoS ONE 7(4): e34613. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034613

Total Entries - 33
Entry No. - 1 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2021
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin-killed P. aeruginosa cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab FK-2E7
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting and flow cytometry
Cross-reactivity	Mab FK-2E7 bound to strains of Homma serotype E, strains of serotype M and to strains of serotype A and G
Proposed epitopes	This Mab reacted with the core region of the LPS
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	N/A
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	19-12-2010
References	1564440

Entry No. - 2 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2022
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin-killed P. aeruginosa cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab MH-4H7
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting and flow cytometry
Cross-reactivity	Mab MH-4H7 bound to P. aeruginosa strains of serotype A, F, G, H, K and M, but did not bind to any strains of serotype B, C, E and I. This Mab also cross-reacted with E. coli 026 : B6 LPS
Proposed epitopes	This Mab reacted with the core region of the LPS. L-rhamnose in the LPS core of serotype G was an immunodominant sugar recognized by OM-1D6
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab showed a high level of protective activity against P.aeruginosa in an experimental infection model using normal mice
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	19-12-2010
References	1564440

Entry No. - 3 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2023
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin-killed P. aeruginosa cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab OM-lD6
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting and flow cytometry
Cross-reactivity	This Mab bound to P. aeruginosa strains. OM-1D6 reacted with all strains of serotype G so far tested, and a few strains of serotype M
Proposed epitopes	This Mab reacted with the core region of the LPS. L-rhamnose in the LPS core of serotype G was an immunodominant sugar recognized by OM-1D6
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab showed a high level of protective activity against P.aeruginosa in an experimental infection model using normal mice
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	20-12-2010
References	1564440

Entry No. - 4 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2024
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin-killed P. aeruginosa cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab NM-3G8
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting and flow cytometry
Cross-reactivity	This Mab bound to P. aeruginosa strains. NM-3G8 bound to only a few strains of serotype B and M
Proposed epitopes	This Mab reacted with the core region of the LPS
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	N/A
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	20-12-2010
References	1564440

Entry No. - 5 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2025
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 360.7
Antibody type and class	IgG2b
Assay System	ELISA, flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunogold electronmicroscopy
Cross-reactivity	The Mab cross-reacted with some of the other Pseudomonas spp such as P . Acidovorans, P.fluorescens, P. mendocina, P . pseudoalkaligenes, P. putida and P . stutzeri., but not with P. cepacia or Xanthomonas (Pseudomonas) maltophilia
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab can be used for an immunological assay for detection of P. aeruginosa in respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	20-12-2010
References	1588587

Entry No. - 6 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2026
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 304.1.4
Antibody type and class	IgG2b
Assay System	ELISA, flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunogold electronmicroscopy
Cross-reactivity	The Mab cross-reacted with some of the other Pseudomonas spp such as P . Acidovorans, P.fluorescens, P. mendocina, P . pseudoalkaligenes, P. putida and P . stutzeri., but not with P. cepacia or Xanthomonas (Pseudomonas) maltophilia
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum. This Mab also showed in vivo protection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	21-12-2010
References	1588587

Entry No. - 7 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2027
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 73.5
Antibody type and class	IgG1
Assay System	ELISA, flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunogold electronmicroscopy
Cross-reactivity	The Mab cross-reacted with some of the other Pseudomonas spp such as P . Acidovorans, P.fluorescens, P. mendocina, P . pseudoalkaligenes, P. putida and P . Stutzeri and P. testosteroni but not with P. cepacia or Xanthomonas (Pseudomonas) maltophilia
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum. This Mab also showed in vivo protection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	21-12-2010
References	1588587

Entry No. - 8 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2028
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 61.32
Antibody type and class	IgG3
Assay System	ELISA, flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunogold electronmicroscopy
Cross-reactivity	The Mab cross-reacted with some of the other Pseudomonas spp such as P.fluorescens, P. mendocina, P . pseudoalkaligenes, P. putida and P . stutzeri., but not with P. cepacia or Xanthomonas (Pseudomonas) maltophilia
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum. This Mab also showed in vivo protection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	22-12-2010
References	1588587

Entry No. - 9 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2029
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 334.4
Antibody type and class	IgG3
Assay System	ELISA, flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunogold electronmicroscopy
Cross-reactivity	The Mab cross-reacted with some of the other Pseudomonas spp such as P . Acidovorans, P.fluorescens, P. mendocina, P . pseudoalkaligenes, P. putida and P . stutzeri., but not with P. cepacia or Xanthomonas (Pseudomonas) maltophilia
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum. This Mab also showed in vivo protection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	22-12-2010
References	1588587

Entry No. - 10 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2030
Carbohydrate Name	Lipopolysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab P6-2A2
Antibody type and class	IgG2a
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting, opsonophagocytic assay and in vivo protection assay
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted with strains Fisher IT-1, 06a,6b, and 06a,6d and did not react with strain 06a, 6c
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum. This Mab also showed in vivo protection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	22-12-2010
References	PMC186240

Entry No. - 11 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2031
Carbohydrate Name	Lipopolysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab LC3-2H2
Antibody type and class	IgG1
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting, opsonophagocytic assay and in vivo protection assay
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted with strains Fisher IT-1, 06a,6b, and 06a,6d and 06a,6c
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum. This Mab also showed in vivo protection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	23-12-2010
References	PMC186240

Entry No. - 12 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2032
Carbohydrate Name	Lipopolysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab LBI-IC3
Antibody type and class	IgG2a
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting, opsonophagocytic assay and in vivo protection assay
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted strongly with 06a,6b, weakly with 06a,6c, Fisher IT-l and Habs 06, and not at all with 06a, 6d
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum. This Mab also showed in vivo protection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	23-12-2010
References	PMC186240

Entry No. - 13 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2033
Carbohydrate Name	Lipopolysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab LD3-4D6
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting, opsonophagocytic assay and in vivo protection assay
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted only with strain 06a,6d
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	23-12-2010
References	PMC186240

Entry No. - 14 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2034
Carbohydrate Name	Lipopolysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Heat killed Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab P6-1D2
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting, opsonophagocytic assay and in vivo protection assay
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted strongly with Fisher IT-1 and Habs 06, weakly with 06a,6b, and not at all with 06a, 6c and 06a, 6d
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab demonstrated opsonophagocytic killing of 06 subtype strains in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum. This Mab also showed in vivo protection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	23-12-2010
References	PMC186240

Entry No. - 15 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2035
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin killed whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab KN-2B11
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	Competitive enzyme immunoassay, ELISA, immunoblotting
Cross-reactivity	"This MAb specifically bound to clinical isolates belonging to Homma serotypes A, F, G and K at a frequency of 70 to 86% and to serotypes H and M isolates at about 50%. They did not bind to any isolates of serotype B, E, and I tested."
Proposed epitopes	α-L-rhamnose residues in the outer core of LPS might be the part of the epitope.
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab agglutinated P. aeruginosa cells
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	23-12-2010
References	PMC313341

Entry No. - 16 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2036
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin killed whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab RM5
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA
Cross-reactivity	"This Mab reacted specifically with P. aeruginosa Fisher immunotypes 2, 4, and 5"
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab protected neutropenic mice prophylactically against challenge with P. aeruginosa immunotypes 2, 4, and 5,
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	24-12-2010
References	PMC259495

Entry No. - 17 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2037
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin killed whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab FDD7
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA
Cross-reactivity	"This Mab reacted specifically with P. aeruginosa Fisher immunotypes 2, 4, and 5"
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab protected neutropenic mice prophylactically against challenge with P. aeruginosa immunotypes 2, 4, and 5,
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	24-12-2010
References	PMC259495

Entry No. - 18 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2038
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin killed whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 11F9
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA
Cross-reactivity	"This Mab reacted specifically with P. aeruginosa Fisher immunotypes 2, 4, and 5"
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab protected neutropenic mice prophylactically against challenge with P. aeruginosa immunotypes 2, 4, and 5,
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	25-12-2010
References	PMC259495

Entry No. - 19 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2039
Carbohydrate Name	Core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin killed whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 9H10
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA
Cross-reactivity	"This Mab recognized P. aeruginosa immunotypes 3, 6, and 7"
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab protected against P. aeruginosa immunotypes 3 and 6 but did not protect against immunotype 7
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	25-12-2010
References	PMC259495

Entry No. - 20 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2043
Carbohydrate Name	O-polysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Formalin killed whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 18-19
Antibody type and class	IgG3
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting, ouchterlony immunodiffusion
Cross-reactivity	"This Mab cross-reacted with Serotypes O2, O5 and O16"
Proposed epitopes	In addition to the O-antigen part, this Mab also binds to the core region
IEDB Epitope	76837
Proposed Utility	This Mab helps us shed some light on the nature of O-specific and common epitopes in the LPS of P. aeruginosa
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	26-12-2010
References	PMC205836

Entry No. - 21 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2045
Carbohydrate Name	O-polysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab PI-1
Antibody type and class	IgG2a
Assay System	ELISA, Opsonophagocytic killing assay, Agglutination test.
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted with Homma standard serotype strain A
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	76837
Proposed Utility	This Mab showed opsonophagocytic activity and agglutinating activity
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	27-12-2010
References	3141560

Entry No. - 22 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2046
Carbohydrate Name	O-polysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab P5-1
Antibody type and class	IgG2b
Assay System	ELISA, Opsonophagocytic killing assay, Agglutination test.
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted with Homma standard serotype strain E
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	76837
Proposed Utility	This Mab showed opsonophagocytic activity and agglutinating activity
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	27-12-2010
References	3141560

Entry No. - 23 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2047
Carbohydrate Name	O-polysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab P7-1
Antibody type and class	IgG2b
Assay System	ELISA, Opsonophagocytic killing assay, Agglutination test.
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted with Homma standard serotype strain B
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	76837
Proposed Utility	This Mab showed opsonophagocytic activity
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	29-12-2010
References	3141560

Entry No. - 24 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2048
Carbohydrate Name	O-polysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab P8-1
Antibody type and class	IgG2b
Assay System	ELISA, Opsonophagocytic killing assay, Agglutination test.
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted with Homma standard serotype strain G
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	76837
Proposed Utility	This Mab showed opsonophagocytic activity and agglutinating activity
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	29-12-2010
References	3141560

Entry No. - 25 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2049
Carbohydrate Name	O-polysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab P10-1
Antibody type and class	IgG2a
Assay System	ELISA, Opsonophagocytic killing assay, Agglutination test.
Cross-reactivity	This Mab reacted with Homma standard serotype strain I
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	76837
Proposed Utility	This Mab showed opsonophagocytic activity and agglutinating activity
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	29-12-2010
References	3141560

Entry No. - 26 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2050
Carbohydrate Name	O-polysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	HMab 2-8AH79
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, opsonophagocytic assays and mouse protection studies
Cross-reactivity	"This Mab reacts with Fisher immunotype (IT) 1, 3, 4, and 6"
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	76837
Proposed Utility	This Mab promoted the uptake and killing of IT-3 and IT-4 bacteria, but not IT-1 or IT-6 organisms, by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The passive transfer of HMAb 2-8AH79 to mice afforded significant protection only against a challenge with IT-3 and IT-4 bacteria
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	30-12-2010
References	PMC259916

Entry No. - 27 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2052
Carbohydrate Name	Cell surface polysaccharide alginate (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Capsular polysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	N/A
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Purified alginate
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab F428
Antibody type and class	IgG1
Assay System	ELISA and protection assays
Cross-reactivity	N/A
Proposed epitopes	Intact carboxylate groups on the C6 carbon of the mannuronic acid residues
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab was found to promote phagocytic killing of both mucoid and nonmucoid strains as well as conferred protection against both types of strains in a mouse model of acute pneumonia
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	30-12-2010
References	15494518

Entry No. - 28 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2053
Carbohydrate Name	Cell surface polysaccharide alginate (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Capsular polysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	N/A
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Purified alginate
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab F429
Antibody type and class	IgG1
Assay System	ELISA and protection assays
Cross-reactivity	N/A
Proposed epitopes	Intact carboxylate groups on the C6 carbon of the mannuronic acid residues
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab was found to promote phagocytic killing of both mucoid and nonmucoid strains as well as conferred protection against both types of strains in a mouse model of acute pneumonia
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	30-12-2010
References	15494518

Entry No. - 29 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2054
Carbohydrate Name	Cell surface polysaccharide alginate (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Capsular polysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	N/A
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Purified alginate
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab F431
Antibody type and class	IgG1
Assay System	ELISA and protection assays
Cross-reactivity	N/A
Proposed epitopes	Intact carboxylate groups on the C6 carbon of the mannuronic acid residues
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab was found to promote phagocytic killing of both mucoid and nonmucoid strains as well as conferred protection against both types of strains in a mouse model of acute pneumonia
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	30-12-2010
References	15494518

Entry No. - 30 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2069
Carbohydrate Name	Outer core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Core-LPS coated Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 101
Antibody type and class	N/A
Assay System	ELISA and immunoblotting
Cross-reactivity	"This Mab reacted with P. aeruginosa 02, 05, 07, 08, 010, 016, 018, 019, and 020 strains"
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	N/A
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	06-01-2011
References	PMC197099

Entry No. - 31 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2070
Carbohydrate Name	Inner core oligosaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Core-LPS coated Whole cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 7-4
Antibody type and class	N/A
Assay System	ELISA and immunoblotting
Cross-reactivity	"This Mab cross-reacted with all 20 P. aeruginosa serotypes as well as with other Pseudomonas species namely, P. acidovorans, P. chlororaphis, P. syringae, P.putida, P. aureofaciens, and P. stutzeri. MAb 7-4 did not react with other non-Pseudomonas gram negative organisms"
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	N/A
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	07-01-2011
References	PMC197099

Entry No. - 32 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2074
Carbohydrate Name	Lipopolysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Healthy or infected patients
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab 2H9
Antibody type and class	IgG1
Assay System	ELISA, opsonophagocytic assays, animal protection studies
Cross-reactivity	N/A
Proposed epitopes	N/A
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	This Mab had invivo protective capacity against experimental pseudomonas infection
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	08-01-2011
References	PMC187632

Entry No. - 33 [TOP]

PolysacDB ID	2076
Carbohydrate Name	Lipopolysaccharide (Drugpedia)
Carbohydrate Class	Lipopolysaccharide
Microbe	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI Taxonomy) (Drugpedia)
Basic Structure	The LPS consists of three regions, namely O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The core region of LPS is divided into the outer core and inner core. The inner core region consists of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO), heptose, phosphate, and probably ethanolamine. The outer core region commonly contains D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactosamine, and L-alanine. The O-antigens consist of a trisaccharide repeating unit which consists of two uronic acid derivatives and one N-acetyl fucosamine residue
BCSDB Structure	N/A
Proposed functions	N/A
Antigenic Nature used to produce antibodies	Healthy adult human individual B cells
Carrier Name	Nil
Conjugation Method	Nil
Antibodies	Mab FKF-lF3
Antibody type and class	IgM
Assay System	ELISA, immunoblotting, animal protection studies
Cross-reactivity	This Mab cross-reacted with N-acetyl-β-glucosamine- conjugated bovine serum albumin, N-acetyl-β-galactosamine-conjugated bovine serum albumin, myosin and actin, but not with other autoantigens such as ss- and ds-DNA, cardiolipin and glycosaminoglycans. This Mab bound to many serotype strains of P. aeruginosa namely, A, F, G and M serotypes, in addition to E. coli Rc type rough mutant, strain J5"
Proposed epitopes	This Mab recognised the outer core regions of some serotype strains and the O-polysaccharide region of serotype A strains. A carbohydrate structure containing N-acetylhexosamine residues, such as GlcNAc and GalNAc, was the most likely epitope for FKF-lF3
IEDB Epitope	N/A
Proposed Utility	The mAb conferred protective activity against a mouse pseudomonal infection model. The mAb was a naturally occurring polyspecific antibody that participated in defense against pseudomonal infections
Curator ID	AA + AS
Date of Curation	10-01-2011
References	8804973

Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Sec - 39A, Chandigarh, India - 160036