Kalra, Rashi and Conlan, Xavier A and Areche, Carlos and Dilawari, Rahul and Goel, Mayurika (2021) Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. Frontiers in pharmacology, 12. ISSN 1663-9812
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Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a well-known epiphytic lichen commonly used in Indian spice mixtures and food preparations such as curries. This study is an attempt to find the best extraction methodology with respect to extractive yield, total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of lichen P. furfuracea. Two phenolic compounds, atraric acid and olivetoric acid were isolated and quantified in their respective extracts with the aid of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest concentration of both the compounds, atraric acid (4.89 mg/g DW) and olivetoric acid (11.46 mg/g DW) were found in 70% methanol extract. A direct correlation was also observed between the concentrations of these compounds with the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts which might contribute towards the antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and HPLC analysis which was used to study the effect of pre-processing on extraction process highlighted the capacity of a mixer grinder technique for improved separation of surface localized metabolites and enrichment of the fraction. An investigation of the chemical profile of the bioactive extract 70% methanol extract using UHPLC-DAD-MS lead to tentative identification of forty nine compounds. This extract was also assessed towards HEK 293 T cell line for cytotoxicity analysis. Concentration range of 0.156 to 100 mu g/ml of PF70M extract exhibited no significant cell death as compared to control. Further, the active extract showed protective effect against hydroxyl radical's destructive effects on DNA when assessed using DNA nicking assay. Based upon this, it can be concluded that optimization of extraction solvent, sample pre-proceesing and extraction techniques can be useful in extraction of specific antioxidant metabolites.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Copyright of this article belongs to Frontiers Media S.A |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | lichen; antioxidants; atraric acid; olivetoric acid; UHPLC-MS; metabolomics profiling; Pseudevernia furfuracea |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology |
| Depositing User: | Dr. K.P.S.Sengar |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jun 2021 07:20 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jun 2021 07:20 |
| URI: | http://crdd.osdd.net/open/id/eprint/2696 |
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