Automatic recommendation
Not OK - siRNA is not specific
102 hits were found for CCUCCAGAUGAGGAAGAAG (79 guide strand hits and 23 sense strand hits.)
Hits to Guide strand
Accession | Gene | Start | End | Details of mismatches | Spec. Score | Mismatches | Contiguous | Jackson style specificity | Hits similar gene | HSP Score | HSP % Identity | HSP length | Gene Length | ||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | |||||||||||||
NM_014648 | DZIP3 | 3584 | 3602 | a | a | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | g | G | 83 | 3 | 15 | ac | false | <90% | 5319 | ||
NM_033407 | DOCK7 | 755 | 773 | u | C | a | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | c | 73 | 3 | 15 | bc | false | <90% | 7063 | ||
NM_001077484 | SLC38A1 | 3477 | 3495 | C | C | c | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | c | a | 72 | 3 | 14 | c | false | <90% | 8148 | ||
NM_030674 | SLC38A1 | 3816 | 3834 | C | C | c | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | c | a | 72 | 3 | 14 | c | false | <90% | 8487 | ||
NM_024686 | TTLL7 | 589 | 607 | a | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | u | G | A | A | a | 68 | 3 | 13 | c | false | <90% | 3648 | ||
NM_017694 | FLJ20160 | 2197 | 2215 | g | u | g | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 67 | 3 | 16 | bc | false | <90% | 4797 | ||
NM_020817 | KIAA1407 | 1036 | 1054 | C | u | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | a | A | A | a | 57 | 3 | 13 | c | false | <90% | 3996 | ||
NR_002784 | SMEK3P | 2443 | 2461 | C | a | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | u | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 54 | 2 | 9 | false | <90% | 3133 | |||
NM_198498 | C11orf53 | 751 | 769 | u | C | c | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | c | A | G | 54 | 3 | 13 | c | false | <90% | 1106 | ||
XR_016151 | LOC642414 | 732 | 750 | g | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | g | G | g | A | G | 49 | 3 | 13 | c | false | <90% | 1458 | ||
XR_016182 | LOC642579 | 732 | 750 | g | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | g | G | g | A | G | 49 | 3 | 13 | c | false | <90% | 1458 | ||
NM_000482 | APOA4 | 830 | 848 | C | u | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | a | G | A | A | G | A | A | c | 49 | 3 | 9 | false | <90% | 1460 | |||
NM_001067 | TOP2A | 3415 | 3433 | g | u | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | a | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 47 | 4 | 9 | false | <90% | 5698 | |||
XM_373809 | LOC388553 | 1467 | 1485 | a | C | c | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | a | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 44 | 3 | 8 | false | <90% | 1776 | |||
XM_944980 | LOC388553 | 1467 | 1485 | a | C | c | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | a | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 44 | 3 | 8 | false | <90% | 1776 | |||
NM_007032 | TRIOBP | 1783 | 1801 | g | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | u | G | c | A | G | A | A | G | 44 | 3 | 10 | false | <90% | 4753 | |||
NM_001039141 | TRIOBP | 7054 | 7072 | g | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | u | G | c | A | G | A | A | G | 44 | 3 | 10 | false | <90% | 10024 | |||
NM_006617 | NES | 4367 | 4385 | u | u | U | g | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 44 | 4 | 14 | bc | false | <90% | 5591 | ||
XM_001130048 | LOC728350 | 476 | 494 | u | u | c | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | u | G | A | A | G | 42 | 4 | 11 | c | false | <90% | 1376 | ||
XM_001132127 | LOC731061 | 476 | 494 | u | u | c | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | u | G | A | A | G | 42 | 4 | 11 | c | false | <90% | 1376 | ||
XM_001126221 | LOC727851 | 4562 | 4580 | g | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 41 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 6620 | ||
XM_001126233 | LOC727851 | 4626 | 4644 | g | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 41 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 6684 | ||
NM_005054 | RGPD5 | 5334 | 5352 | g | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 41 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 7182 | ||
XM_001126248 | LOC727851 | 5339 | 5357 | g | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 41 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 7397 | ||
XM_001126260 | LOC727851 | 5416 | 5434 | g | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 41 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 7474 | ||
XM_001126272 | LOC727851 | 5449 | 5467 | g | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 41 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 7507 | ||
XM_001133590 | LOC729540 | 5562 | 5580 | g | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 41 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 7620 | ||
XM_001133591 | LOC729540 | 6264 | 6282 | g | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 41 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 8322 | ||
NM_002373 | MAP1A | 2463 | 2481 | C | C | U | u | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | g | G | A | A | G | 38 | 2 | 10 | c | false | <90% | 10275 | ||
NM_015425 | POLR1A | 1454 | 1472 | a | C | U | a | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | a | A | A | G | 35 | 3 | 11 | c | false | <90% | 6637 | ||
XM_939672 | LOC130678 | 223 | 241 | g | C | U | C | C | A | G | c | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 30 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 318 | ||
NM_005645 | TAF13 | 56 | 74 | a | u | g | g | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 30 | 4 | 15 | bc | false | <90% | 577 | ||
NM_014454 | SESN1 | 1125 | 1143 | u | C | U | u | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | u | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 27 | 3 | 7 | false | <90% | 2785 | |||
NM_000397 | CYBB | 941 | 959 | g | C | U | a | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | a | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 27 | 3 | 7 | false | <90% | 4266 | |||
NM_020765 | ZUBR1 | 13388 | 13406 | a | C | U | a | C | A | G | A | U | G | A | a | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 27 | 3 | 7 | false | <90% | 15882 | |||
NM_000616 | CD4 | 1058 | 1076 | g | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | g | G | c | A | A | G | A | A | G | 26 | 3 | 9 | false | <90% | 3103 | |||
NM_001024675 | C20orf134 | 434 | 452 | g | g | U | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | c | 21 | 4 | 9 | bc | false | <90% | 2028 | ||
XR_016317 | LOC392508 | 882 | 900 | g | u | U | C | C | A | a | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 20 | 3 | 12 | bc | false | <90% | 1886 | ||
XR_018360 | LOC392508 | 882 | 900 | g | u | U | C | C | A | a | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 20 | 3 | 12 | bc | false | <90% | 1886 | ||
NM_006265 | RAD21 | 1073 | 1091 | g | u | U | C | C | A | a | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 20 | 3 | 12 | bc | false | <90% | 3647 | ||
NM_173564 | FLJ37538 | 1999 | 2017 | a | C | a | C | C | A | G | A | g | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 18 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 3581 | ||
NM_012406 | PRDM4 | 2718 | 2736 | g | C | a | C | C | A | G | A | g | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 18 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 4225 | ||
XM_936279 | LOC642132 | 4136 | 4154 | g | C | g | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 18 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 5901 | ||
NM_002941 | ROBO1 | 3976 | 3994 | g | C | g | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 18 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 6629 | ||
NM_133631 | ROBO1 | 4822 | 4840 | g | C | g | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 18 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 7475 | ||
NM_003170 | SUPT6H | 592 | 610 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | g | G | A | G | G | A | g | G | A | A | G | 15 | 2 | 8 | c | false | <90% | 5896 | ||
NM_014433 | RTDR1 | 275 | 293 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | c | G | A | G | G | c | A | G | A | A | a | 15 | 3 | 8 | c | false | <90% | 1286 | ||
NM_018164 | C12orf11 | 1892 | 1910 | C | C | c | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | c | 15 | 3 | 9 | bc | false | <90% | 2635 | ||
NM_006595 | API5 | 1106 | 1124 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | c | A | G | A | A | a | 15 | 3 | 8 | c | false | <90% | 3752 | ||
NM_000021 | PSEN1 | 438 | 456 | g | a | g | C | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 15 | 4 | 14 | bc | false | <90% | 2763 | ||
XM_925991 | KIAA0692 | 577 | 595 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | g | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | c | u | G | 13 | 3 | 8 | c | false | <90% | 2795 | ||
NM_017934 | PHIP | 5449 | 5467 | C | C | U | a | u | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 11 | 2 | 14 | bc | false | <90% | 5817 | ||
XM_936694 | BMP2KL | 136 | 154 | u | C | U | g | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 9 | 3 | 14 | bc | false | <90% | 1236 | ||
XM_293293 | BMP2KL | 136 | 154 | u | C | U | g | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 9 | 3 | 14 | bc | false | <90% | 1236 | ||
NM_033335 | NR6A1 | 460 | 478 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | g | G | G | A | u | G | A | A | c | 9 | 3 | 10 | c | false | <90% | 1840 | ||
NM_001489 | NR6A1 | 526 | 544 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | g | G | G | A | u | G | A | A | c | 9 | 3 | 10 | c | false | <90% | 1903 | ||
NM_033334 | NR6A1 | 538 | 556 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | U | G | g | G | G | A | u | G | A | A | c | 9 | 3 | 10 | c | false | <90% | 1918 | ||
NM_198892 | BMP2K | 2537 | 2555 | u | C | U | g | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 9 | 3 | 14 | bc | false | <90% | 3859 | ||
NM_002348 | LY9 | 790 | 808 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | g | G | A | G | G | A | A | c | A | A | c | 8 | 3 | 8 | c | false | <90% | 2486 | ||
NM_178523 | ZNF616 | 244 | 262 | a | a | c | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 6 | 4 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 3070 | ||
XM_091886 | FLJ16287 | 335 | 353 | a | g | c | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 6 | 4 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 3185 | ||
XM_937268 | FLJ16287 | 335 | 353 | a | g | c | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 6 | 4 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 3185 | ||
NM_000179 | MSH6 | 688 | 706 | g | a | g | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 6 | 4 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 4264 | ||
NM_032221 | CHD6 | 8131 | 8149 | g | a | g | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 6 | 4 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 10389 | ||
NM_031209 | QTRT1 | 900 | 918 | C | C | U | g | C | A | G | u | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 1 | 2 | 11 | bc | false | <90% | 1313 | ||
XM_941405 | LOC131149 | 151 | 169 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | a | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 1 | 3 | 8 | false | <90% | 1434 | |||
NM_001080440 | LOC131149 | 151 | 169 | C | C | U | C | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | a | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | 1 | 3 | 8 | false | <90% | 1434 | |||
NM_000842 | GRM5 | 505 | 523 | u | C | U | u | C | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 1 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 4518 | ||
NM_014829 | DDX46 | 1051 | 1069 | u | C | U | u | C | A | G | A | g | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | 1 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 5695 | ||
NM_182648 | BAZ1A | 2783 | 2801 | a | C | U | g | C | u | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -2 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 5935 | ||
NM_013448 | BAZ1A | 2879 | 2897 | a | C | U | g | C | u | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -2 | 3 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 6031 | ||
NM_182648 | BAZ1A | 4226 | 4244 | u | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -13 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 5935 | ||
NM_013448 | BAZ1A | 4322 | 4340 | u | C | U | C | a | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -13 | 3 | 10 | bc | false | <90% | 6031 | ||
NM_030637 | DDHD1 | 1079 | 1097 | C | C | U | C | u | A | G | A | a | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | a | -16 | 3 | 9 | bc | false | <90% | 3563 | ||
XM_937293 | LOC653103 | 585 | 603 | C | C | U | g | C | A | G | A | U | c | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -19 | 2 | 9 | bc | false | <90% | 1254 | ||
XM_001125909 | LOC653103 | 585 | 603 | C | C | U | g | C | A | G | A | U | c | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -19 | 2 | 9 | bc | false | <90% | 1572 | ||
NM_013275 | ANKRD11 | 7784 | 7802 | C | C | U | g | C | A | G | A | U | c | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -19 | 2 | 9 | bc | false | <90% | 9326 | ||
NM_145080 | NSMCE1 | 512 | 530 | C | a | a | g | a | A | G | A | U | G | A | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -19 | 4 | 14 | bc | false | <90% | 1079 | ||
NM_018338 | WDR52 | 317 | 335 | g | C | U | C | C | A | G | c | U | G | u | G | G | A | A | G | A | A | G | -25 | 3 | 8 | c | false | <90% | 3260 |
Hits to Sense strand
Accession | Gene | Start | End | Details of mismatches | Spec. Score | Mismatches | Contiguous | Jackson style specificity | Hits similar gene | HSP Score | HSP % Identity | HSP length | Gene Length | ||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | |||||||||||||
NM_014795 | ZEB2 | 3026 | 3044 | u | U | U | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | U | C | U | G | a | A | a | a | 64 | 4 | 14 | c | false | <90% | 5583 | ||
NM_001505 | GPR30 | 1196 | 1214 | C | U | U | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | c | C | U | G | G | A | u | G | 63 | 2 | 11 | false | <90% | 2857 | |||
NM_001039966 | GPR30 | 1320 | 1338 | C | U | U | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | c | C | U | G | G | A | u | G | 63 | 2 | 11 | false | <90% | 2981 | |||
NM_005741 | ZNF263 | 2741 | 2759 | C | U | U | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | U | u | U | G | G | g | a | c | 58 | 4 | 12 | false | <90% | 3303 | |||
NM_003004 | SECTM1 | 204 | 222 | C | U | c | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | U | C | U | G | G | g | a | G | 54 | 3 | 13 | c | false | <90% | 2282 | ||
XM_938203 | C1orf167 | 2724 | 2742 | C | a | U | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | g | C | U | G | G | A | G | c | 49 | 3 | 9 | false | <90% | 5515 | |||
XM_209234 | C1orf167 | 2724 | 2742 | C | a | U | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | g | C | U | G | G | A | G | c | 49 | 3 | 9 | false | <90% | 5515 | |||
NM_032793 | MFSD2 | 540 | 558 | C | U | a | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | U | C | U | G | G | u | u | c | 49 | 4 | 13 | c | false | <90% | 2170 | ||
NM_005924 | MEOX2 | 407 | 425 | C | U | U | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | U | C | U | u | G | c | a | u | 44 | 4 | 14 | c | false | <90% | 2383 | ||
NM_016500 | CXorf26 | 93 | 111 | C | a | a | C | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | g | C | U | G | G | A | G | G | 35 | 3 | 8 | false | <90% | 1214 | |||
NM_015651 | PHF19 | 3316 | 3334 | a | U | U | C | U | g | C | C | U | C | A | U | C | U | G | G | A | G | G | 34 | 2 | 13 | bc | false | <90% | 4287 | ||
NM_003976 | ARTN | 157 | 175 | C | U | U | g | U | U | C | C | U | C | A | c | C | U | G | G | A | G | a | 24 | 3 | 7 | false | <90% | 1408 | |||
NM_181745 | GPR120 | 920 | 938 | C | U | U | C | U | U | C | a | U | C | A | U | g | U | G | G | A | G | c | 22 | 3 | 7 | false | <90% | 1190 | |||
NM_001535 | PRMT2 | 1488 | 1506 | a | g | U | C | U | U | C | C | c | C | A | U | C | U | G | G | A | G | a | 21 | 4 | 9 | bc | false | <90% | 2140 | ||
NM_206962 | PRMT2 | 1597 | 1615 | a | g | U | C | U | U | C | C | c | C | A | U | C | U | G | G | A | G | a | 21 | 4 | 9 | bc | false | <90% | 2249 | ||
NM_207315 | LOC129607 | 1890 | 1908 | C | U | U | C | U | U | C | C | a | C | A | U | C | U | G | G | u | u | G | 13 | 3 | 8 | c | false | <90% | 3009 | ||
NM_145248 | C13orf28 | 11 | 29 | C | U | U | C | U | c | C | C | U | C | A | g | C | U | G | G | A | G | G | 2 | 2 | 7 | false | <90% | 773 | |||
NM_024082 | PRRG3 | 679 | 697 | C | U | U | g | U | U | C | a | U | C | A | U | C | U | G | G | A | G | G | 1 | 2 | 11 | bc | false | <90% | 1594 | ||
NM_024054 | C7orf25 | 1029 | 1047 | g | U | U | C | U | a | C | C | U | C | A | g | C | U | G | G | A | G | G | 0 | 3 | 7 | false | <90% | 1812 | |||
NM_033505 | SELI | 7532 | 7550 | C | c | U | C | U | U | C | C | U | g | A | U | C | U | G | G | A | G | c | 0 | 3 | 8 | bc | false | <90% | 8143 | ||
NM_014521 | SH3BP4 | 3084 | 3102 | C | U | U | C | U | U | a | C | U | C | A | c | C | U | G | G | A | G | c | -5 | 3 | 6 | false | <90% | 5193 | |||
NM_138813 | ATP8B3 | 1512 | 1530 | C | U | U | C | U | U | C | g | U | C | u | U | C | U | G | G | A | G | c | -28 | 3 | 7 | c | false | <90% | 5104 | ||
NM_015512 | DNAH1 | 6400 | 6418 | C | U | U | C | U | c | C | C | U | g | A | U | C | U | G | G | A | G | c | -51 | 3 | 8 | bc | false | <90% | 13114 |
3 prime UTR Seed matches
Hits to same gene : 0
Hits to other genes : 3841
View matched accessions
3 prime seed match details
Immunostimulatory motif search results
UGUGU - Judge et al. Sequence-dependent stimulation of the mammalian innate immune response by synthetic siRNA. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Apr;23(4):457-62. (PMID: 15778705)
No Immunostimulatory motif found (UGUGU).
GUCCUUCAA - Hornung et al. Sequence-specific potent induction of IFN-alpha by short interfering RNA in plasmacytoid dendritic cells through TLR7. Nat Med. 2005 Mar;11(3):263-70. Epub 2005 Feb 20. (PMID: 15723075)
No Immunostimulatory motif found (GUCCUUCAA).
Settings used for search
Scores were calculated using scoring scheme SS1
Using AVG scoring mode.
Hit scores
Parameter | Spec. Score cut-off | Colour | Comment |
Hit to same gene | Colour | Hits to the same accession or genes with 100 percent identity (i.e. likely transcript variants). It is advisable to always check the genes hit. | |
High scoring hit | ≥80 | Colour | Hits are very likely to cause an off-target effect |
Medium scoring hit | <80¸≥40 | Colour | Hits with a small chance of causing an off target effect. |
Low scoring hit | Colour | Hits very unlikely to cause an off-target effect |
The mismatches are colour coded based on the weighting of that position.
Cut-off | Colour |
Match | Colour |
Wobble base pairs (G-U) | Colour |
Critical bases (none) | Colour |
0.6 bits | Colour |
0.4 bits | Colour |
0.2 bits | Colour |
SpecificityServer is designed to help you identify potential non-specific matches to your siRNA. It incorporates the latest information about non-specific matches (sequence-specific only).
Designed by: Alistair Chalk, Quan Du, Zicai Liang and Erik L.L. Sonnhammer