Detailed description page of THPdb

Details of Th1024 which contains 6 entries.

Entry 1
(1) Primary information
ID 1187
ThPP ID Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Gramicidin D
Sequence VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IIa
Molecular Weight 1882.2947
Chemical Formula C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point N.A.
Hydrophobicity N.A.
Melting Point (℃) 229
Half Life N.A.
Description Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution N.A.
Clearance N.A.
Categories Anti-Bacterial Agents
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name Neosporin
Company Pfizer
Brand Discription Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment(neomycin and polymyxin B sulfates and bacitracin zinc ophthalmic ointment) is a sterile antimicrobial ointment for ophthalmic use. Neomycin sulfate is the sulfate salt of neomycin B and C, which are produced by the growth of
Prescribed for Neosporin ointment is an antibiotic combination which works by killing sensitive bacteria on the skin or in wounds.Thus, treating and preventing infection due to minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation Each gram contains: neomycin sulfate equivalent to 3.5 mg neomycin base, polymyxin B sulfate equivalent to 10,000 polymyxin B units, bacitracin zinc equivalent to 400 bacitracin units, and white petrolatum, q.s.
Physcial Appearance Ointment
Route of Administration External use only
Recommended Dosage Apply the ointment every 3 or 4 hours for 7 to 10 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Contraindication Individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components
Side Effects Rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; skin irritation, pain, burning, cracking, redness, or peeling not present before using Neosporin ointment; worsening or recurrence of wound symptoms.
Useful Link http://www.drugs.com/cdi/neosporin-ointment.html
PubMed ID 10397797
3-D Structure Th1024 (View) or (Download)

Entry 2
(2) Primary information
ID 1188
ThPP ID Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Gramicidin D
Sequence VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IIa
Molecular Weight 1882.2947
Chemical Formula C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point N.A.
Hydrophobicity N.A.
Melting Point (℃) 229
Half Life N.A.
Description Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution N.A.
Clearance N.A.
Categories Anti-Infective Agents
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name N.A.
Company N.A.
Brand Discription N.A.
Prescribed for N.A.
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation N.A.
Physcial Appearance N.A.
Route of Administration N.A.
Recommended Dosage N.A.
Contraindication N.A.
Side Effects N.A.
Useful Link http://chealth.canoe.ca/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1952&page_no=2
PubMed ID 10397797
3-D Structure Th1024 (View) or (Download)

Entry 3
(3) Primary information
ID 1189
ThPP ID Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Gramicidin D
Sequence VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IIa
Molecular Weight 1882.2947
Chemical Formula C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point N.A.
Hydrophobicity N.A.
Melting Point (℃) 229
Half Life N.A.
Description Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution N.A.
Clearance N.A.
Categories Antibiotics
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name N.A.
Company N.A.
Brand Discription N.A.
Prescribed for N.A.
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation N.A.
Physcial Appearance N.A.
Route of Administration N.A.
Recommended Dosage N.A.
Contraindication N.A.
Side Effects N.A.
Useful Link http://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/bacitracin-neomycin-polymyxin-b-topical,neosporin-index.html
PubMed ID 10397797
3-D Structure Th1024 (View) or (Download)

Entry 4
(4) Primary information
ID 1190
ThPP ID Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Gramicidin D
Sequence VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IIa
Molecular Weight 1882.2947
Chemical Formula C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point N.A.
Hydrophobicity N.A.
Melting Point (℃) 229
Half Life N.A.
Description Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution N.A.
Clearance N.A.
Categories Antibiotics, Topical
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name Sofradex
Company Sanofi
Brand Discription Sofradex Ear/Eye Drops, Solution contains three medicines called Framycetin sulphate, Gramicidin and Dexamethasone sodium metasulphobenzoate. Framycetin sulphate and Gramicidin belong to a group of medicines called antibiotics. These work by killing the b
Prescribed for Used in the eye(s) to treat Inflammation in the eye when prevention of bacterial infection is also needed. Signs include sore, red or swollen eyes. It is used in the ear(s) to treat Inflammation of the ear canal (otitis externa)
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation Each bottle contains 0.5% w/v of Framycetin Sulphate, Dexamethasone Sodium Metasulphobenzoate (equivalent to 0.050% w/v of Dexamethasone) and 0.005% w/v of Gramicidin. The other ingredients are citric acid, sodium citrate, lithium chloride, phenylethyl al
Physcial Appearance Sterile, clear, bright, colourless, aqueous solution
Route of Administration Auricular and Ocular use.
Recommended Dosage One or two drops applied to each affected eye up to six times daily or more frequently if required. Two or three drops instilled into the ear three or four times daily.
Contraindication If glaucoma is present or herpetic keratitis (e.g. dendritic ulcer) is considered a possibility. Otitis Externa should not be treated when the eardrum is perforated because of the risk of ototoxicity. Hypersensitivity to framycetin sulphate, dexamethasone sodium metasulphobenzoate, gramicidin or to any of the excipients.
Side Effects Stop using Sofradex if: You get any kind of skin problem, such as a rash or itching around your eyes or irritation burning, stinging, itching or swelling, your eyes have problems focussing or develop a blind spot. You may have increased pressure in the eye, you have difficulty seeing at night or notice that your eyesight is cloudy and fuzzy, or you see halos around lights. These could be signs of cataracts. This may occur after using the medicine for a long time
Useful Link https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/13255
PubMed ID 10397797
3-D Structure Th1024 (View) or (Download)

Entry 5
(5) Primary information
ID 1191
ThPP ID Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Gramicidin D
Sequence VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IIa
Molecular Weight 1882.2947
Chemical Formula C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point N.A.
Hydrophobicity N.A.
Melting Point (℃) 229
Half Life N.A.
Description Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution N.A.
Clearance N.A.
Categories N.A.
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name N.A.
Company N.A.
Brand Discription N.A.
Prescribed for N.A.
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation N.A.
Physcial Appearance N.A.
Route of Administration N.A.
Recommended Dosage N.A.
Contraindication N.A.
Side Effects N.A.
Useful Link http://www.news-medical.net/drugs/Sofradex.aspx
PubMed ID 10397797
3-D Structure Th1024 (View) or (Download)

Entry 6
(6) Primary information
ID 1192
ThPP ID Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Gramicidin D
Sequence VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IIa
Molecular Weight 1882.2947
Chemical Formula C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point N.A.
Hydrophobicity N.A.
Melting Point (℃) 229
Half Life N.A.
Description Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution N.A.
Clearance N.A.
Categories N.A.
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name N.A.
Company N.A.
Brand Discription N.A.
Prescribed for N.A.
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation N.A.
Physcial Appearance N.A.
Route of Administration N.A.
Recommended Dosage N.A.
Contraindication N.A.
Side Effects N.A.
Useful Link https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16533
PubMed ID 10397797
3-D Structure Th1024 (View) or (Download)

OSDDlinux

Raghava's Group

IMTECH

CSIR

CRDD
CPPSITE 2.0

(1) Primary information
Entry 1
ID	1187
ThPP ID	Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Gramicidin D
Sequence	VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IIa
Molecular Weight	1882.2947
Chemical Formula	C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point	N.A.
Hydrophobicity	N.A.
Melting Point (℃)	229
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease	For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics	Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action	Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	N.A.
Clearance	N.A.
Categories	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	Neosporin
Company	Pfizer
Brand Discription	Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment(neomycin and polymyxin B sulfates and bacitracin zinc ophthalmic ointment) is a sterile antimicrobial ointment for ophthalmic use. Neomycin sulfate is the sulfate salt of neomycin B and C, which are produced by the growth of
Prescribed for	Neosporin ointment is an antibiotic combination which works by killing sensitive bacteria on the skin or in wounds.Thus, treating and preventing infection due to minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	Each gram contains: neomycin sulfate equivalent to 3.5 mg neomycin base, polymyxin B sulfate equivalent to 10,000 polymyxin B units, bacitracin zinc equivalent to 400 bacitracin units, and white petrolatum, q.s.
Physcial Appearance	Ointment
Route of Administration	External use only
Recommended Dosage	Apply the ointment every 3 or 4 hours for 7 to 10 days depending on the severity of the infection.
Contraindication	Individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components
Side Effects	Rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; skin irritation, pain, burning, cracking, redness, or peeling not present before using Neosporin ointment; worsening or recurrence of wound symptoms.
Useful Link	http://www.drugs.com/cdi/neosporin-ointment.html
PubMed ID	10397797
3-D Structure	Th1024 (View) or (Download)

(2) Primary information
Entry 2
ID	1188
ThPP ID	Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Gramicidin D
Sequence	VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IIa
Molecular Weight	1882.2947
Chemical Formula	C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point	N.A.
Hydrophobicity	N.A.
Melting Point (℃)	229
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease	For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics	Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action	Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	N.A.
Clearance	N.A.
Categories	Anti-Infective Agents
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	N.A.
Company	N.A.
Brand Discription	N.A.
Prescribed for	N.A.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	N.A.
Physcial Appearance	N.A.
Route of Administration	N.A.
Recommended Dosage	N.A.
Contraindication	N.A.
Side Effects	N.A.
Useful Link	http://chealth.canoe.ca/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1952&page_no=2
PubMed ID	10397797
3-D Structure	Th1024 (View) or (Download)

(3) Primary information
Entry 3
ID	1189
ThPP ID	Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Gramicidin D
Sequence	VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IIa
Molecular Weight	1882.2947
Chemical Formula	C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point	N.A.
Hydrophobicity	N.A.
Melting Point (℃)	229
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease	For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics	Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action	Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	N.A.
Clearance	N.A.
Categories	Antibiotics
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	N.A.
Company	N.A.
Brand Discription	N.A.
Prescribed for	N.A.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	N.A.
Physcial Appearance	N.A.
Route of Administration	N.A.
Recommended Dosage	N.A.
Contraindication	N.A.
Side Effects	N.A.
Useful Link	http://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/bacitracin-neomycin-polymyxin-b-topical,neosporin-index.html
PubMed ID	10397797
3-D Structure	Th1024 (View) or (Download)

(4) Primary information
Entry 4
ID	1190
ThPP ID	Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Gramicidin D
Sequence	VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IIa
Molecular Weight	1882.2947
Chemical Formula	C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point	N.A.
Hydrophobicity	N.A.
Melting Point (℃)	229
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease	For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics	Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action	Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	N.A.
Clearance	N.A.
Categories	Antibiotics, Topical
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	Sofradex
Company	Sanofi
Brand Discription	Sofradex Ear/Eye Drops, Solution contains three medicines called Framycetin sulphate, Gramicidin and Dexamethasone sodium metasulphobenzoate. Framycetin sulphate and Gramicidin belong to a group of medicines called antibiotics. These work by killing the b
Prescribed for	Used in the eye(s) to treat Inflammation in the eye when prevention of bacterial infection is also needed. Signs include sore, red or swollen eyes. It is used in the ear(s) to treat Inflammation of the ear canal (otitis externa)
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	Each bottle contains 0.5% w/v of Framycetin Sulphate, Dexamethasone Sodium Metasulphobenzoate (equivalent to 0.050% w/v of Dexamethasone) and 0.005% w/v of Gramicidin. The other ingredients are citric acid, sodium citrate, lithium chloride, phenylethyl al
Physcial Appearance	Sterile, clear, bright, colourless, aqueous solution
Route of Administration	Auricular and Ocular use.
Recommended Dosage	One or two drops applied to each affected eye up to six times daily or more frequently if required. Two or three drops instilled into the ear three or four times daily.
Contraindication	If glaucoma is present or herpetic keratitis (e.g. dendritic ulcer) is considered a possibility. Otitis Externa should not be treated when the eardrum is perforated because of the risk of ototoxicity. Hypersensitivity to framycetin sulphate, dexamethasone sodium metasulphobenzoate, gramicidin or to any of the excipients.
Side Effects	Stop using Sofradex if: You get any kind of skin problem, such as a rash or itching around your eyes or irritation burning, stinging, itching or swelling, your eyes have problems focussing or develop a blind spot. You may have increased pressure in the eye, you have difficulty seeing at night or notice that your eyesight is cloudy and fuzzy, or you see halos around lights. These could be signs of cataracts. This may occur after using the medicine for a long time
Useful Link	https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/13255
PubMed ID	10397797
3-D Structure	Th1024 (View) or (Download)

(5) Primary information
Entry 5
ID	1191
ThPP ID	Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Gramicidin D
Sequence	VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IIa
Molecular Weight	1882.2947
Chemical Formula	C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point	N.A.
Hydrophobicity	N.A.
Melting Point (℃)	229
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease	For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics	Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action	Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	N.A.
Clearance	N.A.
Categories	N.A.
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	N.A.
Company	N.A.
Brand Discription	N.A.
Prescribed for	N.A.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	N.A.
Physcial Appearance	N.A.
Route of Administration	N.A.
Recommended Dosage	N.A.
Contraindication	N.A.
Side Effects	N.A.
Useful Link	http://www.news-medical.net/drugs/Sofradex.aspx
PubMed ID	10397797
3-D Structure	Th1024 (View) or (Download)

(6) Primary information
Entry 6
ID	1192
ThPP ID	Th1024
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Gramicidin D
Sequence	VGALAVVVWLWLWLWX view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IIa
Molecular Weight	1882.2947
Chemical Formula	C99H140N20O17
Isoelectric Point	N.A.
Hydrophobicity	N.A.
Melting Point (℃)	229
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Gramcidin D is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramcidins are 15 residue peptides with alternating D and L amino acids. The peptides assemble inside of the hydrophobic interior of the cellular lipid bilayer to form an alpha helix. The helix itself is not long enough to span the membrane but it dimerizes to form the elongated channel needed to span the whole membrane. Gramicidin D is used primarily as a topical antibiotic and is one of the three constituents of consumer antibiotic polysporin ophthalmic solution.
Indication/Disease	For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics	Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of Action	Gramicidin D binds and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (preference to gram-positive cell membranes) resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); dissipation of the transmembrane potential; inhibition of respiration; a reduction in ATP pools; and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	N.A.
Clearance	N.A.
Categories	N.A.
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	N.A.
Company	N.A.
Brand Discription	N.A.
Prescribed for	N.A.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	N.A.
Physcial Appearance	N.A.
Route of Administration	N.A.
Recommended Dosage	N.A.
Contraindication	N.A.
Side Effects	N.A.
Useful Link	https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16533
PubMed ID	10397797
3-D Structure	Th1024 (View) or (Download)