Detailed description page of THPdb

Details of Th1035 which contains 5 entries.

Entry 1
(1) Primary information
ID 1252
ThPP ID Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Glucagon recombinant
Sequence HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IV
Molecular Weight 3767.1
Chemical Formula C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point 9.52
Hydrophobicity -1.197
Melting Point (℃) N.A.
Half Life N.A.
Description Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution 0.25 L/kg
Clearance 13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target Glucagon receptor,Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor,Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name GlucaGen
Company Novo Nordisk
Brand Discription GlucaGen(29 amino acid residues, 3483 daltons, single polypeptide) is an antihypoglycemic agent and a gastrointestinal motility inhibitor. It is produced by expression of recombinant DNA in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae vector with subsequent purification. T
Prescribed for GlucaGen is used to treat severe hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) reactions which may occur in patients with diabetes mellitus treated with insulin. It is also used as a diagniostic aid. GlucaGen is indicated for use during radiologic examinations to tempor
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation The reconstituted solution contains glucagon as hydrochloride 1 mg/mL (1 unit/mL) and lactose monohydrate (107 mg). GlucaGen is supplied at pH 2.5-3.5 and is soluble in water.
Physcial Appearance Sterile, lyophilized white powder
Route of Administration Subcutaneous, intramuSubcutaneousular, or Intraven
Recommended Dosage Inject 1 mL (adults and children, weighing more than 55 lbs (25 kg)) or 0.5 mL (children weighing less than 55 lbs (25 kg)) subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously. If the weight is not known: children younger than 6 years should be given a 0.5
Contraindication Hypersensitivity
Side Effects Severe side effects are very rare, although nausea and vomiting may occur occasionally especially with doses above 1 mg or with rapid injection (less than 1 minute). You may also have rapid heart beat for a short while.
Useful Link http://www.novonordisk.co.in/documents/article_page/document/Glucagen.asp
PubMed ID 17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817468
3-D Structure Th1035 (View) or (Download)

Entry 2
(2) Primary information
ID 1253
ThPP ID Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Glucagon recombinant
Sequence HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IV
Molecular Weight 3767.1
Chemical Formula C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point 9.52
Hydrophobicity -1.197
Melting Point (℃) N.A.
Half Life N.A.
Description Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution 0.25 L/kg
Clearance 13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name N.A.
Company N.A.
Brand Discription N.A.
Prescribed for N.A.
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation N.A.
Physcial Appearance N.A.
Route of Administration N.A.
Recommended Dosage N.A.
Contraindication Pheochromocytoma
Side Effects N.A.
Useful Link http://www.drugs.com/pro/glucagen.html
PubMed ID 17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817469
3-D Structure Th1035 (View) or (Download)

Entry 3
(3) Primary information
ID 1254
ThPP ID Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Glucagon recombinant
Sequence HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IV
Molecular Weight 3767.1
Chemical Formula C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point 9.52
Hydrophobicity -1.197
Melting Point (℃) N.A.
Half Life N.A.
Description Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution 0.25 L/kg
Clearance 13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction N.A.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name N.A.
Company N.A.
Brand Discription N.A.
Prescribed for N.A.
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation N.A.
Physcial Appearance N.A.
Route of Administration N.A.
Recommended Dosage N.A.
Contraindication Insulinoma
Side Effects N.A.
Useful Link http://www.rxlist.com/glucagen-drug.html
PubMed ID 17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817470
3-D Structure Th1035 (View) or (Download)

Entry 4
(4) Primary information
ID 1255
ThPP ID Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Glucagon recombinant
Sequence HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IV
Molecular Weight 3767.1
Chemical Formula C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point 9.52
Hydrophobicity -1.197
Melting Point (℃) N.A.
Half Life N.A.
Description Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution 0.25 L/kg
Clearance 13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction Walfarin- Glucagon may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin (Coumadin) and other anticoagulants causing an increase in the slow clotting of blood and a greater risk of developing an episode of bleeding.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name Glucagon
Company Eli Lilly
Brand Discription Glucagon, the drug, is a synthetic version of human glucagon and is manufactured by genetic engineering using Escherichia coli.
Prescribed for Glucagon is used to increase the blood glucose level in severe hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). Glucagon is a glucose-elevating drug
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation Glucagon is available as an emergency kit. The kit contains freeze-dried glucagon as a powder for injection 1 ml syringe of diluent. The powder contains 1 mg (1 unit) of glucagon and 49 mg of lactose. The diluent contains 12 mg/ml of glycerine, water for
Physcial Appearance Powder
Route of Administration Subcutaneously or intramuSubcutaneousularly Inject
Recommended Dosage Adults and children weighing 44 pounds or more should receive 1mg (1 unit) of glucagon
Contraindication Allergy
Side Effects Nausea and vomiting may occur occasionally after injection of glucagon, but this may be a symptom of the hypoglycemia for which glucagon is being given. Rare allergic-type reactions may occur with glucagon including itching, respiratory distress, or low blood pressure.
Useful Link http://www.medicinenet.com/glucagon/page2.htm
PubMed ID 17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817471
3-D Structure Th1035 (View) or (Download)

Entry 5
(5) Primary information
ID 1256
ThPP ID Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name Glucagon recombinant
Sequence HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification IV
Molecular Weight 3767.1
Chemical Formula C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point 9.52
Hydrophobicity -1.197
Melting Point (℃) N.A.
Half Life N.A.
Description Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity N.A.
Metabolism N.A.
Absorption N.A.
Volume of Distribution 0.25 L/kg
Clearance 13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number N.A.
Date of Issue N.A.
Date of Expiry N.A.
Drug Interaction Indomethacin (Indocin, Indocin-SR) reduces the effect of glucagon.
Target N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name N.A.
Company N.A.
Brand Discription N.A.
Prescribed for N.A.
Chemical Name N.A.
Formulation N.A.
Physcial Appearance N.A.
Route of Administration N.A.
Recommended Dosage N.A.
Contraindication N.A.
Side Effects N.A.
Useful Link http://www.novonordisk.co.in/documents/article_page/document/Glucagen.asp
PubMed ID 17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817472
3-D Structure Th1035 (View) or (Download)

OSDDlinux

Raghava's Group

IMTECH

CSIR

CRDD
CPPSITE 2.0

(1) Primary information
Entry 1
ID	1252
ThPP ID	Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Glucagon recombinant
Sequence	HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IV
Molecular Weight	3767.1
Chemical Formula	C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point	9.52
Hydrophobicity	-1.197
Melting Point (℃)	N.A.
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease	Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics	Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action	Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	0.25 L/kg
Clearance	13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories	Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	Glucagon receptor,Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor,Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	GlucaGen
Company	Novo Nordisk
Brand Discription	GlucaGen(29 amino acid residues, 3483 daltons, single polypeptide) is an antihypoglycemic agent and a gastrointestinal motility inhibitor. It is produced by expression of recombinant DNA in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae vector with subsequent purification. T
Prescribed for	GlucaGen is used to treat severe hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) reactions which may occur in patients with diabetes mellitus treated with insulin. It is also used as a diagniostic aid. GlucaGen is indicated for use during radiologic examinations to tempor
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	The reconstituted solution contains glucagon as hydrochloride 1 mg/mL (1 unit/mL) and lactose monohydrate (107 mg). GlucaGen is supplied at pH 2.5-3.5 and is soluble in water.
Physcial Appearance	Sterile, lyophilized white powder
Route of Administration	Subcutaneous, intramuSubcutaneousular, or Intraven
Recommended Dosage	Inject 1 mL (adults and children, weighing more than 55 lbs (25 kg)) or 0.5 mL (children weighing less than 55 lbs (25 kg)) subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously. If the weight is not known: children younger than 6 years should be given a 0.5
Contraindication	Hypersensitivity
Side Effects	Severe side effects are very rare, although nausea and vomiting may occur occasionally especially with doses above 1 mg or with rapid injection (less than 1 minute). You may also have rapid heart beat for a short while.
Useful Link	http://www.novonordisk.co.in/documents/article_page/document/Glucagen.asp
PubMed ID	17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817468
3-D Structure	Th1035 (View) or (Download)

(2) Primary information
Entry 2
ID	1253
ThPP ID	Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Glucagon recombinant
Sequence	HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IV
Molecular Weight	3767.1
Chemical Formula	C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point	9.52
Hydrophobicity	-1.197
Melting Point (℃)	N.A.
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease	Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics	Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action	Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	0.25 L/kg
Clearance	13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories	Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	N.A.
Company	N.A.
Brand Discription	N.A.
Prescribed for	N.A.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	N.A.
Physcial Appearance	N.A.
Route of Administration	N.A.
Recommended Dosage	N.A.
Contraindication	Pheochromocytoma
Side Effects	N.A.
Useful Link	http://www.drugs.com/pro/glucagen.html
PubMed ID	17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817469
3-D Structure	Th1035 (View) or (Download)

(3) Primary information
Entry 3
ID	1254
ThPP ID	Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Glucagon recombinant
Sequence	HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IV
Molecular Weight	3767.1
Chemical Formula	C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point	9.52
Hydrophobicity	-1.197
Melting Point (℃)	N.A.
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease	Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics	Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action	Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	0.25 L/kg
Clearance	13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories	Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	N.A.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	N.A.
Company	N.A.
Brand Discription	N.A.
Prescribed for	N.A.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	N.A.
Physcial Appearance	N.A.
Route of Administration	N.A.
Recommended Dosage	N.A.
Contraindication	Insulinoma
Side Effects	N.A.
Useful Link	http://www.rxlist.com/glucagen-drug.html
PubMed ID	17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817470
3-D Structure	Th1035 (View) or (Download)

(4) Primary information
Entry 4
ID	1255
ThPP ID	Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Glucagon recombinant
Sequence	HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IV
Molecular Weight	3767.1
Chemical Formula	C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point	9.52
Hydrophobicity	-1.197
Melting Point (℃)	N.A.
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease	Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics	Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action	Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	0.25 L/kg
Clearance	13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories	Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	Walfarin- Glucagon may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin (Coumadin) and other anticoagulants causing an increase in the slow clotting of blood and a greater risk of developing an episode of bleeding.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	Glucagon
Company	Eli Lilly
Brand Discription	Glucagon, the drug, is a synthetic version of human glucagon and is manufactured by genetic engineering using Escherichia coli.
Prescribed for	Glucagon is used to increase the blood glucose level in severe hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). Glucagon is a glucose-elevating drug
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	Glucagon is available as an emergency kit. The kit contains freeze-dried glucagon as a powder for injection 1 ml syringe of diluent. The powder contains 1 mg (1 unit) of glucagon and 49 mg of lactose. The diluent contains 12 mg/ml of glycerine, water for
Physcial Appearance	Powder
Route of Administration	Subcutaneously or intramuSubcutaneousularly Inject
Recommended Dosage	Adults and children weighing 44 pounds or more should receive 1mg (1 unit) of glucagon
Contraindication	Allergy
Side Effects	Nausea and vomiting may occur occasionally after injection of glucagon, but this may be a symptom of the hypoglycemia for which glucagon is being given. Rare allergic-type reactions may occur with glucagon including itching, respiratory distress, or low blood pressure.
Useful Link	http://www.medicinenet.com/glucagon/page2.htm
PubMed ID	17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817471
3-D Structure	Th1035 (View) or (Download)

(5) Primary information
Entry 5
ID	1256
ThPP ID	Th1035
Therapeutic Peptide/Protein Name	Glucagon recombinant
Sequence	HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT view full sequnce in fasta
Functional Classification	IV
Molecular Weight	3767.1
Chemical Formula	C165H249N49O51S1
Isoelectric Point	9.52
Hydrophobicity	-1.197
Melting Point (℃)	N.A.
Half Life	N.A.
Description	Glucagon is a 29 residue peptide hormone, synthesized in a special non- pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagons.
Indication/Disease	Used to treat severe hypoglycemia, also used in gastrointestinal imaging.
Pharmacodynamics	Used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and in gastric imaging, glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose through the release of insulin. It also relaxes the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of Action	Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor(G protein-coupled receptor located in the plasma membrane) which then initiates a dual signaling pathway using both adenylate cyclase activation and increased intracellular calcium. Adenylate cyclase manufactures cAMP (cyclic AMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates phosphorylase kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, converting into the active form called phosphorylase A. Phosphorylase A is the enzyme responsible for the release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen polymers. This yields glucose molecules to be released into the blood. Glucagon receptors are found in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreatic islet cells. The glucagon mediated signals lead to an increase in insulin excretion
Toxicity	N.A.
Metabolism	N.A.
Absorption	N.A.
Volume of Distribution	0.25 L/kg
Clearance	13.5Â mL/min/kg [Adults with IV 1 mg]
Categories	Hypoglycemic Agents
Patents Number	N.A.
Date of Issue	N.A.
Date of Expiry	N.A.
Drug Interaction	Indomethacin (Indocin, Indocin-SR) reduces the effect of glucagon.
Target	N.A.
Information of corresponding available drug in the market
Brand Name	N.A.
Company	N.A.
Brand Discription	N.A.
Prescribed for	N.A.
Chemical Name	N.A.
Formulation	N.A.
Physcial Appearance	N.A.
Route of Administration	N.A.
Recommended Dosage	N.A.
Contraindication	N.A.
Side Effects	N.A.
Useful Link	http://www.novonordisk.co.in/documents/article_page/document/Glucagen.asp
PubMed ID	17462598, 17620721, 17623014, 17534934, 15817472
3-D Structure	Th1035 (View) or (Download)