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Antibody Phage Display
This technique is used for producing antibody-like molecules. Gene segments encoding the antigen-binding variable of V domains of antibodies are fused to genes encoding the coat protein of a bacteriophage. Bacteriophage containing such gene fusions are used to infect bacteria, and the resulting phage particles have coats that express the antibody-like fusion protein, with the antigen-binding domain displayed on the outside of the bateriophage.
What is antibody phage display library ?A collection of recombinant phage, each displaying a different antigen-binding domain on its surface, is known as a phage display library. In much the same way that antibodies specific for a particular antigen can be isolated from a complex mixture by affinity chromatography, phage expressing antigen-binding domains specific for a particular antigen can be isolated by selecting the phage in the library for binding to that antigen. The phage particles that bind are recovered and used to infect fresh bacteria. Each phage isolated in this way will produce a monoclonal antigen-binding particle analogous to a monoclonal antibody.Production of antibody phage display librariesThe genes encoding the antigen binding site, which are unique to each phage, can then be recovered from the phage DNA and used to construct genes for a complete antibody molecule by joining then to parts of immunoglobulin genes that encode the invariant parts of the an antibody. When these reconstructed antibody genes are introduced into a suitable host cell line, the transfected cells can secrete antibodies with all the desirable characteristics of monoclonal antibodies of the suitable host cell line. In much the same way that a collection of phage can display a wide variety of potential antigen-binding sites, the phage can also be engineered to display a wide variety of antigens; such a library is known as an antigen display library. In such cases, the antigen displayed are often short peptides encoded by chemically synthesized DNA sequences that have mixtures of all four nucleotides in some positions, so that all possible amino acids are incorporated. It is not usual for every position in a peptide to be allowed to vary in this way, since the number of variable positions, there are over 2 x 1010 possible sequences of eight amino acids.Protocol for Antobody phage display library Uses of anibody phage display libraries* Higher probability of isolating very specific human antibodies to attack any target* High diversity; approximately 1010, not only in sequence but also in structural diversity |