Drug Resistant Methylated Genes


Here we are providing methylation status of genes. These genes methylation have been reported to be involved in drug resistance. For more information, please click HERE .


Gene NameGene FunctionDrug SensitivityMethylation StatusReferenceExplanation
ABCB1Protein TransportSensitivity to DoxorubicinHypermethylated16356834Doxorubicin is a DNA intercalator. Methylation of ABCB1 or GSTP1 promoter enhanced patient survival possibly by prolonged availability and activity of the drug.
BRCA1DNA Damage ResponseSensitivity to PARP inhibitors and alkylating agentsHypermethylated20679605BRCA1 is involved in DNA double strand break repair using homologous recombination. PARP inhibitors block PARP that repairs single strand DNA breaks. Hence, in BRCA1 expression deficient cells that could be due to BRCA1 hypermethylation, blocking the alternative DNA repair pathway involving PARP leads to accumulation of DNA lesions ultimately causing cell death.
CHFRUbiquitin Protein LigaseSensitivity to Paclitaxel and DocetaxelHypermethylated12810945CHFR protein functions in mitotic checkpoint pathway which gets impaired if CHFR is not expressed due to methylation. Due to this mitosis increases as seen in cancerous conditions. Docetaxel and Paclitaxel are mitotic inhibitors that block microtubule formation thus being effective in cancer if CHFR expression is low.
ESR1ER signallingResistance to anti-oestrogensHypermethylated17178894Antiestrogen drugs that target estrogen receptor proteins derieved from genes like ESR1 engenders hypermethylation and hypomethylation of genes acting in the downstream pathway of ESR signalling. Among the genes that get hypomethylated are some oncogenes whose expression gets increased thereby causing cancer progression and antiestrogen resistance.
GSTP1DetoxificationSensitivity to DoxorubicinHypermethylated20338046Doxorubicin is a DNA intercalator. Methylation of ABCB1 or GSTP1 promoter enhanced patient survival possibly by prolonged availability and activity of the drug.
IGFBP3Signal TransductionResistance to CisplatinHypermethylated20023704Reduced IGFBP-3 expression effected by promoter-hypermethylation caused by cisplatin results in a reduction of tumor cell sensitivity to this drug.
MGMTDNA repairSensitivity to Temozolomide,BCNU,ACNU,ProcarbazineHypermethylated11070098Transfer of alkyl groups to MGMT (DNA repair enzyme) by alkylating agents prevents the formation of lethal cross-links in DNA leading to cell survival and cancer progression. Hence, suppression of MGMT expression by hypermethylation leads to sensitivity to alkylating drugs in cancers.
MLH1DNA repairResistance to CisplatinHypermethylated10327053MLH1 gene is involved in strand specific DNA mismatch repair. Cisplatin is known to cause hypermethylation of many genes. Thus an already hypermethylated status of MLH1 and its underexpression in cancer makes cisplatin ineffective.
SFNSignal TransductionSensitivity to Cisplatin and GemcitabineHypermethylated16361617SFN product 14-3-3sigma protein has a role in mitotic checkpoint as well as anti-apoptotic role of sequestering pro-apoptotic protein bad. Low expression by hypermethylation of this gene renders the cell susceptible to anti-cancer drugs.
TFAP2ETranscriptional RegulatorSensitivity to FluorouracilHypermethylated22397669TFAP2E hypermethylation and its underexpression leads to increased expression of DKK4 that has been associated with carcinogen and fluorouracil.

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